Check your style guide (if applicable) for advice on specific terms. The following examples illustrate not only the principles sketched in [an earlier section of CMOS] but also variations based on context and usage. Except for England, the other three countries have their own parliaments. The word god is generally not capitalized if it is used to refer to the generic idea of a deity, nor is it capitalized when it refers to multiple gods. Here are the types of words that should be capitalized: Proper nouns. If as is used as a preposition, it is lowercase; if as is used as an adverb, conjunction or pronoun, it is uppercase. Words Which Should Not Be Capitalized in a Title. Do You Capitalize "Real Estate"? Hi, James. Dont capitalize names of directions like north, south, east, and west when used to refer to direction and location, but do capitalize these words when they appear in the names of places and regions. In 1963, the state postal codes were formalized into two character abbreviations. Federal or federal? Why distinguishes money from other assets in the economy. (There is a lot of leniency on whether to capitalize "The." Few would argue that the region is called "The North" as . But when these terms are part of an actual place's name, capitalize them, as in "Western Australia", "Northern Ireland", etc. . If it's a general noun such as a river, lake, ocean, etc., the region need not be capitalized. The pronoun "I" To properly follow AP style guidelines, only use one space after a period, as opposed to the often used double-space. Before capitalizing words like east, west, north, and south, check whether you are using them as part of a proper noun or merely to refer to direction or location.Don't capitalize directions (we sailed due east) and locations (western India), but do capitalize compass points when they occur in proper nouns (North Korea, South Sudan, East Dunbartonshire, the Great Western Plains). Most style guides recommend capitalizing "West Coast" when referring to the western seaboard of the U.S. hi, should i capitalize 'west' in 'west Africa' or 'north' in north Africa'? North, east, south, and west are the four cardinal directions, often marked by the initials N, E, S, and W. East and west are at right angles to north and south. Capitalize proper nounsand adjectives derived from proper nouns. In this particular sentence, I is capitalized because it is placed at the beginning of the sentence. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. If it's a name, it's a proper noun. 8 What states in the US are consider southern states? Do you capitalize north? When common nouns like party, river, and street are included in a proper name, capitalize them. So, option 2 is correct. Do you like West Asia? Home | About | Contact | Copyright | Report Content | Privacy | Cookie Policy | Terms & Conditions | Sitemap. You should capitalize North, South, East, and West when theyre part of a proper noun (i.e., the name of a unique thing). Each morning, the sun rises in the east . When in doubt, lowercase. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Others may argue that the word simply denotes the direction of the region the individual lives and must not have the capital letter. To know what other words you should capitalize, try our free title capitalization tool. That means you should lowercase articles, conjunctions, and prepositionshowever, some style guides say to capitalize conjunctions and prepositions that are longer than five letters. Capitalize such words as northern, southern, eastern, and western when they refer to the people in a region or to their political, social, or cultural activities. The state postal codes were formalized into two character abbreviations in 1963. Coordinate conjunctions: for, and, nor, but, or, yet & so (FANBOYS). It is also a great option for general business writing. EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Limited Or Anthology Series, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Lead Actress In A Comedy Series, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Supporting Actor In A Comedy Series, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Lead Actress In A Limited Or Anthology Series Or Movie, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Lead Actor In A Limited Or Anthology Series Or Movie. When words like northern, southern, eastern, and western precede a place name, they are not ordinarily capitalized, because they merely indicate general location within a region. But when the words are used in specific contexts, denote people belonging to a particular region, or refer to their social, political, or cultural activities, they are capitalized. When dealing with geographic terms, capitalize nouns such as "river", "lake", etc. Human settlements and their impact on the physical geography, and, The communication between the environment and humanity, The precipitation is the maximum in the interior, Cattle-breeding techniques or practices could vary across, Urundi and Ruanda are fertile, healthy, high-lying, and thickly populated, This text isn't a law but an abstract of the several special usages obtained in those, She passed the Lake Amadeus and the Reynolds range in that direction but had to turn, Many scholars are now studying the global. When combining with another common noun to form the name for a region . Why do many companies reject expired SSL certificates as bugs in bug bounties? This is the sentence that is capitalized correctly. Time arrow with "current position" evolving with overlay number. Should north southeast and West be capitalized? The question as to whether something should be considered a name or not is one of style, and as such you should adhere to the discipline of your editor, publication, or organization, or in the absence of a house style, you should adopt a suitable. Be the first to read new posts and updates about MLA style. The mines are in the plateaus western region. Clearly, LA, OC, and SD are part of Southern California, but there are a lot of other places that are located in southern California that are not located in Southern California, such as Palm Springs, Salton Sea, Joshua Tree, Blythe, etc. When proofreading or editing documents, we often find that writers are confused about when to capitalize these terms. Our primary dictionaries, Merriam-Websters Collegiate Dictionary, Websters New World College Dictionary, and The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language all capitalize U.S. geographic regions when used as adjectives or indicate that these adjectives are typically capitalized.4, Like adjectives, the decision to capitalize or lowercase geographic populations in the United States will depend on your style guide. Popular usage sets the rules for standard practice especially in the case of region names. When words like northern, southern, eastern, and western precede a place name, they are not ordinarily capitalized, because they merely indicate general location within a region. When referring to regions, capitalize these words. Youd also capitalize the first word and (according to most guides) the last word of a title, regardless of what part of speech they are. editing, I have published a variety of other capitalization posts related to time periods, geographic features, people, and product names. The Chicago Manual of Style. What about capitalizing a Westerner or a Westerner? 4 Is Southern California capitalized AP style? Except for Alaska, Hawaii, Idaho, Iowa, Maine, Ohio, Texas, and Utah, the name of a city and state should be abbreviated when they are used together. If youre referring to a collection of proper nouns, such as the Southern States, this is the case. To put it another way, capitalize words like Mother, Father, Grandmother, Grandfather, Son, Daughter, and Sis in place of the persons name. In contrast, The Chicago Manual of Style (Chicago style) recommends lowercasing specific U.S. geographic regions used as adjectives:3. At the most basic level, the standard advice is to lowercase north, south, east and west when used as compass directions and to capitalize them when they are used as part of a proper noun or adjective or refer to regions or geographic areas. English Language & Usage Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for linguists, etymologists, and serious English language enthusiasts. The periods are omitted in headlines. If these geographic areas are part of a name, however, such as "River Thames", capitalize the term. Should Southern colonies be capitalized? In general, lowercase north, south, northeast, northern, etc., when they indicate compass direction. Lowercase north, south, northeast, etc. Is summer a good time? To find out when to capitalize North, South, East, and West, read our guide to capitalizing directions below. Characteristics. If you are referring to a group of proper nouns such as " the Southern States ." However, if instead you reference a general location, such as "the southern winds," then the word southern should be lowercase. NOTE: Within certain regions it is not uncommon for many who live there to capitalize the adjective because of the special importance they attach to the regional designation. In most forms of writings, not capitalizing direction names when they could have been capitalized doesn't bother the readers much. The following sentence is capitalized correctly : I learned that Thor is the god of thunder when I read a book about myths from Norway. My friend is a southerner. However, when these words are actually part of the place name, they must be capitalized. Likewise, capitalize terms such as "Native American," "Hispanic," and so on. Note that exceptions based on specific regional, political, or historical contexts are inevitable and that an author's strong preference should usually be respected. Q. Hello! What is the purpose of this D-shaped ring at the base of the tongue on my hiking boots? When does a locational distinction change its suffix and capitialization in a proper name? The official USPS postal abbreviation is this format. Alternatively, some style guide suggest that all of the main words (i.e. Explanation: Because Pisces is a verb. AP style is primarily for journalists and writers who want to conform to traditional journalism styles. In all cases, though, you should: Check your style guide (if applicable) for advice on specific terms. The AP Stylebook the guiding stylebook for many news outlets, including The Daily Tar Heel advises against using the Oxford comma in most simple series. They live in the western part of the country. Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, and Sunday are the days of the week. Rule 1. Regardless of what side of the debate table you are on, the different thoughts clearly illustrate how differing opinions could be on the matter, causing people to use capitalization rules the way they deem appropriate. Certain public figures get capitalized, but others dont. To capitalize or not quoted text after be form, How to handle a hobby that makes income in US. Have you ever wondered when its okay to capitalize north, east, south, and west? Should "west coast" be capitalized if it is referring to the western region of the U.S.? The word 'southern' shouldn't be capitalized in a sentence unless it is a proper noun. Hope all that helps! When referring to a specific region, you should capitalize the words East Coast such as Im traveling to the East Coast since East Coast is a proper noun in this case. Phil Jamieson Feb 16, 2010 5:00:00 AM. Lowercase to when it functions in an infinitive. Proper nouns are names of particular individuals, places, or things, such as Josephina, Michigan, Oreo, and United Auto Workers. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Capitalize My Title makes title capitalization easy. . By convention, however, southern is capitalized when it refers to the region of California: I live in Southern California. For example, the "river" is a general noun and not capitalized. AP Style holds to the general rule of lowercasing compass directions and capitalizing regions. "The State Finance Department," for example, is a good example. For up-to-date guidance, see the ninth edition of the MLA Handbook. Capitalize such words as northern, southern, eastern, and western when they refer to the people in a region or to their political, social, or cultural activities. When used to refer to direction and location, dont capitalize the names of directions like north, south, east, or west; however, when they appear in the names of places and regions, do capitalize these words. Are both letters capitalized in state abbreviations? What are some examples of how providers can receive incentives? It only loosely defines a region of California and its border is not officially defined either. Chicago style is best for writers who want to adhere to traditional publishing standards and academic writers in non-scientific fields. When these words are included in the place name, however, they must be capitalized. In terms of "human geography", the regions and their subregions are elucidated by the ethnography discipline. Lowercase north, south, northeast, etc. I studied Pisces, a constellation of the North sky, on a cloudless night. So it would be best to check your style guide if you have one and to make sure whatever you choose is used consistently. When there is no proper name, lowercase "mountain", "gorge", "valley", "beach", and other geographical features. Hi, Chris. Bulk update symbol size units from mm to map units in rule-based symbology. As an Amazon Associate, CapitalizeMyTitle.com earns from qualifying purchases. Only when it's very apparent or writing the direction names in small letters looks completely off, capitalize them. Is Southern California capitalized AP style? You should always capitalize Southerner since it refers to a group of people who are proper nouns. Is Southern capitalized in southern states? It might be amusing to look for instances of "southern Southern California" or "northern Southern California". Capitalize the traditional geographic regions in the United States: the Midwest, the North, the South, the West, and the combined regions (i.e., the Northeast, the Southeast, and the Southwest).1. Hi, Victoria. 10 Do I capitalize southern as in the US region? But things become tricky once we get down to the details. Many scholars now study the global South. That means you should lowercase articles, conjunctions, and prepositionshowever, some style guides say to capitalize conjunctions and prepositions that are longer than five letters. Q. Debating with an editor over capitalization of the word bicentennial. The basic guidelines for using capital letters in English appear simple enough: Capitalize the first word in a sentence. The argument I hear is this is a region of the building not a direction, so it should be capitalized. Guidance to capitalize proper nouns in APA Style. It's the inconsistency or the abrupt switching between capitalized letters and lowercase letters is what that puts readers off. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. The sentence reads "I turned on north Bolton." Therefore, use "Black" and "White" instead of "black" and "white" (do not use colors to refer to other human groups; doing so is considered pejorative). Are seasons capitalized or not? You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Some could argue the word "Southerner" in the sentence denotes someone who belongs to a specific region, and the letter "S" should therefore be capitalized. When words like northern, southern, eastern, or western precede a place name, they arent usually capitalized because they only indicate a general location within a region. proofreading, Filed Under: The word should only be capitalized if it appears in the body's name. For instance, the term "ecoregion" is used commonly in environmental geography, "bioregion" in biogeography, etc. Capitalizing North, South, East, and West when theyre part of a proper noun (i.e., the name of a specific geographical region or culture). But the AP Stylebook says to always capitalize Southern when referring to the South in the United States, regardless of whether youre discussing the Civil War. CMOS looks at what a large relevant tranche of people do; this ultimately defines what is acceptable. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. I don't think there's an established norm for identifying regions of Albania in English (although you might get a different answer if you asked an Albanian, I suppose), but looking at Google Ngrams, "southeastern Albania" seems to be the most common option: https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=southeast+Albania%2Csoutheastern+Albania%2Csouth-east+Albania%2Csouth-eastern+Albania&year_start=1800&year_end=2019&corpus=26&smoothing=3&direct_url=t1%3B%2Csoutheast%20Albania%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Csoutheastern%20Albania%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Csouth%20-%20east%20Albania%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Csouth%20-%20eastern%20Albania%3B%2Cc0 Without capitalization, it could refer to anyone in the southern hemisphere, or perhaps southern England. The main thing is to be consistent with whatever you choose. When did they standardize state abbreviations? When it's an adjective ("bicentennial year"), I agree that no cap is needed . If you are merely referring to a direction, such as "go south on I-90," then you should keep south lowercase. As a compass direction, south and southern are not capitalized: Capitalize each term when it is used as a proper name or as part of a proper name, and if the region . Pronouns that refer to any god or gods should be lowercased. The correct answer is option C. In option A, the word Chemistry is only capitalized leaving the other proper noun in lower case. Related, but not duplicates (in my opinion): As definitive as it gets. What is thought to influence the overproduction and pruning of synapses in the brain quizlet? You should only capitalize "east" when you are referring to it as the proper noun, such as "in the East" or "in the Middle East". Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. I wanted to know how to write Southeast Albania correctly (proof reading). When youre talking about Americas West Coast or the Middle East, the directional word is also part of a proper name, and it gets a capital letter. The storm is heading east. But because it has defined boundaries and administration, it's a "region". Circling back to the "title" rule, if the headline is in sentence case and the word "region" is not the starting word of the title, "region" should be written in lowercase. Lowercase north, south, northeast, northern, and other lowercase letters are used when indicating compass direction. The days of the week are: Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday. If you think southern California has properties which one ordinarily associates with countries or states, or at least you want to convey that this is so, then you should use the capitalization ordinarily used for names of countries or states. As a compass direction, south and southern are not capitalized: Capitalize each term when it is used as a proper name or as part of a proper name, and if the region is widely known: The Civil War pitted the South against the North. Each state has its own shortened name codes, which are used in written documents and mailing addresses. However, when the terms southerner and northerner refer to people on either side of the United States civil war, the civil war was fought between Southerners and Northerners. The street is named Bolton Avenue. However, if, like Northern Ireland and North Korea, the direction is part of the proper name, it should be capitalized. Capitalize the traditional geographic regions in the United States: the Midwest, the North, the South, the West, and the combined regions (i.e., the Northeast, the Southeast, and the Southwest). Of course, they should be capitalized at the start of sentences and in titles, as they are with other nouns. Posted by Do not capitalize these words when they merely indicate general location or refer to the geography or climate of the region. - thanks! In general, lowercase north, south, northeast, northern, etc., when they indicate compass direction. Usage guide. Opportunities exist on the east and west sides of the city. Do I capitalize southern as in the US region? The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". capitalization. Names of regions should be capitalized if those are proper nouns or denote a country, city, continent, etc. As explained in the post, there is no need to capitalize these words when used generically (only when they're part of a proper noun). The Starved Rock Lodge offers world-famous Midwestern hospitality in a scenic environment. 'I have no authority for this opinion, other than my intuition as an English speaker.' hbspt.cta._relativeUrls=true;hbspt.cta.load(42679, '499cbd76-cfa5-4fea-836f-ead06058d874', {"useNewLoader":"true","region":"na1"}); North, East, South or West - Capitalize or Not? Capitalize such words as northern, southern, eastern, and western when they refer to the people in a region or to their political, social, or cultural activities. Which sentence is capitalized correctly I learned that Thor? Capitalize nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs (including phrasal verbs such as play with), adverbs, and subordinate conjunctions. Southern California; West Texas; the Lower East Side of New York; If in doubt, use lowercase. Note that it doesn't seem to be treated as a compound proper noun (e.g., searching for "Southeastern Albania" produces an error since Ngrams is case sensitive and there don't seem to be any instances of that capitalization in the Google Books database). Short story taking place on a toroidal planet or moon involving flying, Doubling the cube, field extensions and minimal polynoms. Whichever version you use, then, we'd suggest not capitalizing the direction, just the country name. You should capitalize North, South, East, and West when theyre part of a proper noun (i.e., the name of a unique thing). Not capitalizing when referring to a general direction. The first instance of when "global" should be capitalized is when used as the first word in a sentence. . However, when giving an address, or in tables or other uses in which space is limited, use the US Postal Services symbol system, which consists of a two-letter abbreviation in which both letters are always capitalized and no periods are used (for example, NY for New York). In other words, capitalize words such as Mother, Father, Grandmother, Grandfather, Son, Daughter, and Sis when they are used in place of the persons name. However, when these words are actually part of the place name, they must be capitalized. Home | About | Contact | Copyright | Privacy | Cookie Policy | Terms & Conditions | Sitemap. How can I find out which sectors are used by files on NTFS? MLA style followsThe Chicago Manual of Style (8.47) for geographic terms. You should always capitalize Southerner since it refers to a group of people who are proper nouns. Most style guides say that compass points and the terms derived from them are lowercased if they just mean direction or location. However, capitalization may depend on the style guide you're using. Which sentence is capitalized correctly on a cloudless night? Are coca cola and pepsi owned by the same company? If you are referring to a group of proper nouns such as the Southern States. However, if youre referring to a general location, such as the southern winds then southern should be lowercase. The Associated Press Stylebook (AP style) suggests capitalizing terms like Midwesterner, Northerner, Southerner, and Westerner:5. Here Carlotta is the name hence it needs to be in capital and I, Halloween should be capitalized. Binomial nomenclature is, of course, also used for animals, including the singularly curious one designated as Homo sapiens. On a cloudless night, I studied Pisces, a constellation in the North sky. Just make sure you are consistent with the letter case. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Only capitalize state when it follows the states name, such as New York State is also known as the Empire State, or when it is part of a traditional state name, such as Empire State or Lone Star State, can be capitalized. I guess you're saying that it's always okay to break any principle if you really want to, because CMOS says so. Thus, we have rigid goldenrod but Missouri goldenrod, azure penstemon but Torrey's penstemon and California penstemon. when they indicate compass direction, but capitalize when they indicate a region: the West Coast. Did any DOS compatibility layers exist for any UNIX-like systems before DOS started to become outmoded? Wotan is one of the gods in Wagner's Ring Cycle. It only loosely defines a region of California and its border is not officially defined either. Capitalize these words when they designate regions. If a is used, go with prime minister.). For example, The Associated Press Stylebook (AP style) recommends capitalization:2. When we write the days of the week, we always use a capital letter. Southern belle (from French belle 'beautiful') is a colloquialism for a debutante in the planter class of the Antebellum South. Knowing whether to capitalize directional adjectives can be challenging. In domains such as ecology, physical geography, environmental geography, and zoogeography, regions are typically based on ecosystems, biomes, natural regions, drainage basins, soil types, mountain ranges, and other natural features. For example, we capitalize north, south, east, and west when the terms refer to regions or cultures: Customs in the East differ from those in the West. The term "region" is a general noun, and it's usually not capitalized, as a result. 3. The same applies for related adjectives and other compass directions: We live in the eastern part of the country. Yes, Southern is capitalized because it refers to the South (= the southern US). Names of people People's names are proper nouns, and therefore should be capitalized. , Capitalize the first word of a quoted sentence. These should not be capitalized unless they are the first or last word of the title. When the word "state" comes after a state's name, it should be capitalized. AP Style says it should be capitalized while the Chicago Style Manual says it should be lowercased. Names of racial and ethnic groups are treated as proper nouns, which means they are capitalized (e.g., African American, Asian American, Black, European American, First Nations, Hispanic, Native American, Latinx, White). Are you captivated by capitalization? Examples: southern France, northern Canada. A region could also be a group of nations. Names of gods are capitalized, including Allah, Vishnu, and God. If you are referring to a group of proper nouns such as the Southern States. However, if instead you reference a general location, such as the southern winds, then the word southern should be lowercase. But it would be unusual to do this for a less well-known location, such as south Coventry.. Who wrote the music and lyrics for Kinky Boots? The Chicago Manual of Style (Chicago style) suggests lowercasing terms like midwesterner, northerner, southerner, and westerner, except when referencing the Civil War, in which case Northerner and Southerner should be capitalized:6.

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