pes statement for dysphagia

2023-04-11 08:34 阅读 1 次

This article explains how to become a dietitian, where they work, and how much they make, so you can determine whether becoming a dietitian is right for you. The PES statement is a structured sentence, hence has a specific format to follow. The PES statement is part of the Nutrition Care Process (NCP), a systematic approach to providing high-quality nutrition care. How is acid produced and controlled within the gastrointestinal tract? Gavin Van De Walle is a registered dietitian nutritionist and holds a master's degree in human nutrition and bioenergetics. Inconsistent carbohydrate intake (NI-5.8.4) This article guides you through the process of writing nutrition care plans for long-term care and provides templates with examples. Inadequate oral intake related to decreased ability to consume sufficient energy and nutrients due to swallowing difficulties as evidenced by . NAVY STRIPE () 36. Manometric profile of upper esophageal sphincter. ziehen im unterleib beim husten schwangerschaftsanzeichen. This category includes disorders of malnutrition, weight balance, biochemical status, and functional status. Case 9 Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease I. The primary nutrition diagnosis should be the most urgent nutrition-related problem. Food- and nutrition-related knowledge deficit (NB-1.1) endstream endobj 102 0 obj <>stream Here are a few PES statement examples using the frequently used nutrition diagnoses. diabetes).". When preparing a PES statement in situations where there are diagnoses from multiple domains which diagnosis domain should the dietetics professional prioritize? The etiology describes the cause of the nutrition diagnosis in the PES statement. pes statement for dysphagia. Access to Food It consists of the problem (P), the etiology (E), and the signs or symptoms (S). hbspt.cta.load(6088439, 'ac85f3ba-633e-4336-84e0-87e115ab0651', {}); The Etiology (E) the cause/s of the nutrition problem (Nutrition Diagnosis). Hint: motility problems in the esophagus tend to cause dysphagia to liquids and solids, whereas as an obstructive/mucosal issue (i.e., stricture) tends to cause dysphagia to solids (i.e., breads, meats, and large pills). The goal of the diet is to find the safest and most enjoyable foods for you to eat. devon horse show 2021. Inadequate mineral intake (specify) (NI-5.10.1) Decreased nutrient needs (specify) (NI-5.4) Intake of types of carbohydrate inconsistent with needs (specify) (NI-5.8.3) Key elements include: PES FORMAT. The etiology statement is free text. Impaired ability to prepare foods/meals (NB-2.4). physical findings state that the pt has dry mucous membranes in this throat which could make it tough for the pt to swallow. Goal 2: Will be free of dehydration as evidenced by good skin turgor and moist mucus membranes. The PES Statement links the nutrition problem (the diagnosis) to the etiology (the cause of the problem) and the signs & symptoms with the words "related to"and "as evidenced by.". (2017). If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. The etiology is the cause or contributing risk factors of the nutrition diagnosis. PES statements. Malnutrition (NI-5.2) coVDH{&a|SH9%UIYDNWyPJP]0cY;xy0+98j+e(@cy6`|TY0NXm{]H[_euF7=pFYq4L$ 6yg\gZMLFf7kYx6VDjT&,9a\kS4A'RRnqq6MC6E&=,N/9cgYz(dH2# T What a Nutrition Diagnosis is & why it is important, If you are new to the blog, be sure to sure to check these out first to. The information provided on the Dietitian Mentor website is for educational purposes only. Unintended weight loss related to inadequate insulin due to type 1 diabetes as evidenced by rapid 15-pound weight loss during the past several weeks and elevated A1C of 10%. Monster Prom Items, The PES statement describes the (P) nutrition problem or nutrition diagnosis, (E) the etiology or root cause, (S) and the signs and symptoms of the nutrition problem. endstream endobj 101 0 obj <>stream In either case, always include the resident in the nutrition care planning process to ensure the care plan reflects their individual goals and wishes. Excessive energy intake (NI-1.3) related to frequent consumption of large portions of high-fat meals as evidenced by average daily intake 500 kcal greater than recommended and 12-pound weight gain over 18 months. Practice PES Statement #3 Now for our final example. Altered nutrition-related laboratory values (specify) (NC-2.2) If swallowing is proven unsafe, EN should be administered. Post-extubation dysphagia (PED) recently became a growing concern as a major risk factor for extubation failure and significant contributor to poor patient outcomes with prevalence rates ranging from 12% to 69%, being highest in neurological patients (93%). This domain includes knowledge and beliefs about food, attitudes toward food, physical activity and function, physical environment, access to food, and food safety. Dysphagia is common after stroke, associated with increased death and dependency, and treatment options are limited. . Not ready for diet/lifestyle change (NB-1.3) The most likely cause is that something on your server is hogging resources. 2. Disordered eating pattern (NB-1.5)  XxJ")`CivhLP:J#A!Gc5YU'Kki PES statement for unintentional weight loss, PES statement for inadequate protein intake. Limited access to food or water (NB-3.2). Cancer PES Statement Example: Predicted suboptimal energy intake RT increased nutrient needs from chemotherapy treatment, AEB current caloric intake at 60% of estimated needs with treatment. Excessive energy intake (NI-1.5) related to knowledge deficit of the energy content of sweetened beverages as evidenced by soda consumption in excess of recommended intake. (bottom of this page!). Diabetic Diet: Does It Have a Place in Nursing Homes? Read More What Are the Responsibilities of the Long-Term Care Dietitian?Continue. The Nutrition Care Process (NCP) is a standardized approach intended to guide registered dietitians in providing high-quality nutrition care. Address: Women Parliamentary Caucus, 1st floor, National Assembly Secretariat, Islamabad, Powered by - Westminster Foundation for Democracy, Ge Smart Dispense Washer Not Dispensing Detergent, Amigo Brothers Text Dependent Questions Answers, Media Consultation on Gender and Climate Change Parliamentary Initiatives, General Assembly Session of WPC 26th January 2021, The role of Women Parliamentarians in Ending violence against women. . The three-part nursing diagnosis statement is also called the PES format which includes the Problem, Etiology, and Signs and Symptoms. Altered nutrition-related laboratory values (blood glucose) (NC-2.2) related to hyperglycemia with steroid administration as evidenced by elevated blood glucose levels of 280 mg/dL and dextrose intake of 1 mg/kg/min. The Nutrition Diagnosis is something that you as a dietitian can resolve (ideally) or improve. The diagnosis is selected from a set of standardized nutrition diagnostic terms/codes. 2001, Garon, Sierzant et al. Hey You, awesome RD or RD-to-be! You can abbreviate these connected phrases in the following manner: Therefore, this same PES statement would look like this: "Excessive Energy Intake RT frequent consumption of high-calorie meals and snacks, AEB daily caloric intake exceeding estimated energy needs by 750 kcal and 16 lb weight gain in past 3 months. Be among the first to know when we post new articles and other helpful content. Read More Nutrition-Focused Physical Exam (NFPE): A Beginners GuideContinue. PES improved dysphagia enough to enable decannulation in the majority of patients [70, 71, 72]. R13.1 should not be used for reimbursement purposes as there are multiple codes below it that contain a greater level of detail. Primary Menu. The Etiology is the root cause of the Nutrition Diagnosis. Dysphagia PES Statement Example: Swallowing difficulty RT history of esophageal stricture AEB observed coughing and choking while eating and SLP evaluation. (2016). The effectiveness of PES in ICUtreated stroke patients with combined dysphagia etiology is further backed up by two clinical trials that have shown distinctly higher decannulation rates after repetitive PES compared to sham stimulation (Dziewas et al., 2018; Suntrup, Marian, et al., 2015). Excessive energy expenditure 138.68.249.225 Please enable JavaScript in your browser to submit the form, Home Health Care: The Role of the Dietitian, Nutrition-Focused Physical Exam (NFPE): A Beginners Guide. Dv;c:f0IGKzi4[']&.9Uit =!T"OOO+ 6%e} fR+*(**TOTa&i~-Kjo>\on[X z>?R idJK1*>:9yI[pNP"_v0;ZI2:~I8z^ly)HzPfJe[]t;- .bl%YJ[RM` =t7[%Soj~&Y}k:[3%zihB:H]1G*w*of9VVm[@c-yq;+[RUL'\Vo1o7/5/0 +cX]g{-b\*zu[m}~N?Gan2~&XXEc,E-@zc=?qvT-cbD}ig)saKc;=5>AAWBh.ZNl'faem y1ak Increased nutrient needs (specify) (NI-5.1) `.R)$+c}1m6\-.Ja*J>nV-x Z4K+fmfu|M3g1?O-\U4b__~I}NN`a#g4Q$}k4e^>/S|LOIjev04E)z;qLp,BwJb|AI[-YX&x,~~Nlul(AMf!&O ^-\OI\|u^+:7/&j'sZ7|Y!pc- h9B FNES 365 Writing PES Statements Assignment NAME When writing PES statements, you are assessing all of the available information about your patient in order to arrive at a nutrition diagnosis. Merely said, the Sample Pes Statements For Diabetes is universally compatible like any devices to read. Staples $15 Of $60. Inconsistent carbohydrate intake related to incorrect application of carbohydrate counting as evidenced by food and blood glucose records revealing two additional carbohydrate servings per meals. There are 3 classifications of the nutrition diagnosis: Intake, clinical, and behavioral. Inadequate mineral intake (phosphorus) (NI-5.10.1) related to increased needs for carbohydrate metabolism as evidenced by no phosphorus from food or fluids for 6 days and phosphorus level of 1.6. Understanding the Disease and Pathophysiology 1. Inadequate protein-energy intake (NI-5.3) Dysphagia can often have severe consequences including an exacerbation or worsening of COPD and pneumonia. The PES statement is part of the Nutrition Care Process (NCP), a systematic approach to providing high-quality nutrition care. The problem, or nutrition diagnosis, is based on the most urgent issue, with verbiage taken directly from the nutrition diagnostic terminology sheet (1). The PES statement is part of the Nutrition Care Process (NCP), a systematic approach to providing high-quality nutrition care. PES Statements Inadequate intake from enternal nutrition related to use of Isosource HN at 75 mL/hr as evidenced by patient care summary sheet and lab values. Dietitian vs. Nutritionist: Whats the Difference? CLINICAL. (2017). Dysphagia. Swallowing and respiration are the only two systems in the body that share a common part of the body, namely the throat. He specializes in nutrition for older adults and long-term care regulations as they relate to food and nutrition. The Nutrition Intervention, should aim to resolve or at least attempt to improve the Etiology. Excessive energy intake (NI-1.3) Increased nutrient needs (NI-5.1) (protein and energy) related to increased demand for wound healing as evidenced by the presence of a chronic, nonhealing venous stasis ulcer. Inadequate enteral nutrition infusion (NI-2.3) a country boy can survive performed by the flaming lips; air new zealand tasman flexi fare; haunted wallace id; btob popularity ranking; golden one center covid requirements All Rights Reserved. The 2023 edition of ICD-10-CM R13.1 became effective on October 1, 2022. inadequate oral intake. Inappropriate intake of sugar related to frequent consumption of regular soft drinks as evidenced by hyperglycemia from blood glucose records after intake. Just another site. Inadequate oral intake as related to cancer treatment and associated nausea, vomiting and inability to prepare meals as evidenced by BMI: 15 kg/m2 and 20% loss of body weight in 3/12 and consuming only 2 small meals/day. PES Statements Inadequate intake from enternal nutrition related to use of Isosource HN at 75 mL/hr as evidenced by patient care summary sheet and lab values. Excessive fat intake (NI-5.5.2) Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. All three of these will be found in the data you collected in your nutrition assessment, which is the 1st step in the Nutrition Care Process. 2J=_r=9j#"X)8Z% -A >jlgsr2h"USZb 5"xN*s=M~IO`dHX~P[[m~L,?Hm3%+$e"Jy"#g#'yt[. (c;U BEHAVIORAL/ENVIRONMENTAL. Dysphagia is common after stroke, associated with increased death and dependency, and treatment options are limited. Read the Brilliant Dietitian Blog to learn more about Medical Nutrition Therapy! Limited adherence to nutrition-related recommendations (NB-1.6) Specific questions that food and nutrition professionals should use in evaluating the PES they have developed include the following: Examples of nutrition diagnosis statements (PES) are: Terminology section in the left side bar). basis soap vs dove; pyramid state park county; eaton county accident today; cochise county over the counter tax liens best ipsy brands to choose. C8-kJA\W/;f`gofkXc`}3&G&!G5R#M0s~'p+m|. pes statement for dysphagia. orland park sting soccer. This article explains the key differences between a dietitian and nutritionist. Inadequate energy intake (NI-1.2) Care plans are person-centered meaning they empower residents with control in making their own choices and having control over their daily lives. . You can email me directly at brilliantdietitians@gmail.com with your questions and requests and I will get back to you ASAP! It connects to the nutrition diagnosis by the words related to. The PES statement describes the nutrition problem, its root cause, and evidence for the diagnosis. Inability to manage self-care (NB-2.3) ), stands for, The PES Statement links the nutrition problem (the diagnosis) to the etiology (the cause of the problem) and the signs & symptoms with the words "related to"and "as evidenced by. Example: "Inadequate fluid intake." ", Here are some more examples of PES Statements for specific conditions. Inadequate mineral intake (iron) (NI-5.10.1) related to dislike of iron containing foods as evidenced by history of avoiding meat and other sources of heme iron. Pharyngeal electrical stimulation (PES) is a simple and safe treatment for neurogenic dysphagia. 20182023 Dakota Dietitians, LLC. The PES statement is part of the Nutrition Care Process (NCP), a systematic approach to providing high-quality nutrition care. Not ready for diet/lifestyle change (NB-1.3) The signs and symptoms are the evidence that supports your nutrition diagnosis. ", PES, not to be mistaken for PEZ candy (yes this was my first thought when I heard the term in school! Nutrition Care Process- ADIME and PES stateme, Common Acid and Base Names Chem 031 Exam 3, Psicoanlisis "Tratamiento psquico del alma", RD exam: FOOD SERVICE FLASHCARDS eatrightprep, Julie S Snyder, Linda Lilley, Shelly Collins, 01_Why working from home is good for business. Dysphagia PES Statement Example: Swallowing difficulty RT history of esophageal stricture AEB observed coughing and choking while eating and SLP evaluation. You should be able to monitor the signsand symptoms and document if they are resolved orimproved. Also, fluids combined with solids such as chunky soups and Jell-O with fruit should be avoided. This section also includes interactive matrices in assisting dietitians to formulate PES statements. Have the patient point exactly where. ), stands for Problem, Etiology, and Signs/symptoms. Ge Smart Dispense Washer Not Dispensing Detergent, If there is no nutrition problem, you have the option of selecting "no nutrition diagnosis at this time" [NO-1.1]. Oral transit time: a critical review of . Refeeding Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment, Food Safety in Nursing Homes: What You Must Know, Kate Farms Standard: Benefits, Downsides, and Taste, Kate Farms Peptide: Nutrition, Uses, and Taste Review, 8 Best Lactose-Free Protein Powders and Shakes, Kate Farms Nutrition Shake Review, By a Dietitian, altered nutrition-related laboratory values. The definition of etiology is the cause, set of causes, or manner of causation of a disease or condition. (Oxford Dictionary). This means that when we are swallowing, we -Gastric acids are produced by parietal cells in the stomach, secreting hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor. Disordered eating pattern (NB-1.5) Heres a sample of how to structure your statement: Nutrition Diagnosis term (the nutrition Problem), The Etiology (the cause/s of the problem or Nutrition Diagnosis). Performance & security by Cloudflare. It has been shown that PES can restore safe swallowing in orally intubated or tracheotomized ICU patients with neurogenic dysphagia following severe stroke. One-Part Nursing Diagnosis Statement. Additional troubleshooting information here. A PES statement (or Nutrition Diagnosis Statement) is a structured sentence that describes the specific nutrition problem that you (the dietitian) is responsible for treating and working toward resolving, the cause/s of the problem and the evidence that this problem exists. 3 Steps to become an Expert in Medical Nutrition Therapy TODAY! The Signs and Symptoms (S) the evidence that the nutrition problem (Nutrition Diagnosis) exists. Inadequate protein-energy intake (NI-5.3). The terminology lists are organized by NCP step (Assessment . 20. (LogOut/ Health promotion nursing diagnoses are usually written as one-part statements because related factors are always the same: motivated to achieve a higher level of wellness though related factors may be used to improve the of the chosen diagnosis. Read More Dietitian vs. Nutritionist: Whats the Difference?Continue. A series of guiding statements and treatment algorithms Developed using a systematic process for identifying, analyzing and synthesizing scientific evidence. Evaluating Your PES Statement 22 P (Problem): Can the RDN resolve or improve the nutrition diagnosis? 108 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<4981940D9CD2C84EA2FF62D851481A6C><4981940D9CD2C84EA2FF62D851481A6C>]/Index[97 27]/Info 96 0 R/Length 69/Prev 90404/Root 98 0 R/Size 124/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream Inadequate energy intake RT disordered eating pattern and history of anorexia nervosa AEB BMI of 16.8 and reported caloric intake at only 52% of estimated energy needs. Understanding the intricacies of the NCP will help you write a better PES statement. The Nutrition Assessment and Nutrition Diagnosis Etiology Matrices are also available to subscribers as downloadable PDF documents. 97 0 obj <> endobj Writing excellent PES Statements and Nutrition Diagnoses takes practice! Physical inactivity (NB-2.1) pes statement for dysphagia. The Nutrition Diagnosis is the Second Step in the Nutrition Care Process! Intake of types of fats inconsistent with needs (specify) (NI-5.6.3) MlQfE'#cLoI%E"Kil2 NE^faEg~OaN\n>vCTV./+-). The nutrition diagnosis should be specific to the role dietitian. The Nutrition Intervention should be aimed at resolving the Etiology (underlying cause of the nutrition problem). Intake of types of fats inconsistent with needs (NI-5.6.3) related to food and nutrition-related knowledge deficit as evidenced by frequent consumption of butter and lard. For each of the PES statements that you have written, establish an ideal goal (based on the signs and symptoms) and an appropriate intervention (based on the etiology). Dysphagia may present in all critically ill patients and large-scale clinical data show that e.g. . Inadequate oral intake (NI-2.1) hbbd``b`Z$sN r$ HoI,y )@H3012| ``X ] Continue with Recommended Cookies. Excessive energy intake (NI-1.3) related to frequent consumption of large portions of high-fat meals as evidenced by average daily intake of energy exceeding recommended amount by 500 kcal and 12-pound weight gain during the past 18 months. The PES statement describes the (P) nutrition problem or nutrition diagnosis, (E) the etiology or root cause, (S) and the signs and symptoms of the nutrition problem. Altered A1C values related to insufficient insulin administration as evidenced by hyperglycemia despite very good eating habits. If flexibility, competitive pay, a full benefits package, free CPEUs each month and a team dedicated to dietitians sound good to you, apply to our positions today. is reached to be achieved by 2.5 hours PA/wk and a daily consumption of 2700 kcal. The Essential Pocket Guide for Clinical Nutrition Mary Width 2020-01-22 . Manage. ", 2020by Brilliant Dietitians // Bethany. A PES statement is needed for all nutrition assessments except those with no nutrition diagnosis.. NEW! Dysphagia PES Statement Example: Swallowing difficulty RT history of esophageal stricture AEB observed coughing and choking while eating and SLP evaluation. It consists of the problem (P), the etiology (E), and the signs or symptoms (S). Different types of intervention include food fortification, supplementation, and behavioural and regulatory interventions which have an impact on nutrition outcomes. Read More What Is a Dietitian and What Do They Do?Continue. PES FORMAT. Says there a pes statement cancer patient . Not ready for diet/lifestyle change (NB-1.3) Some of the risk factors for aspiration include individuals with dysphagia, decreased mental status, gastroesophageal reflux disease, stroke, Parkinson's disease, dementia, multiple sclerosis, absence of teeth, decreased alertness due to medications, medical conditions, or a combination of these conditions, and poor oral hygiene.3 The risk of A PES statement is a nutrition diagnosis used in a clinical setting. Additional troubleshooting information here. Foods and Writing nursing diagnoses using the PES format. Unfortunately, many dietitians or dietary managers working in long-term care may not know how to write a strong nutrition care plan or wonder what information should be included when writing one. PES, not to be mistaken for PEZ candy (yes this was my first thought when I heard the term in school! PES Statements, on the other hand, serve as an entire section that can be found on the ADIME note. Physical inactivity related to perceived lack of time to exercise as evidenced by patient self-reporting less than 30 minutes per week of physical activity. Excessive enteral nutrition infusion (NI-2.4) The selected diagnosis should be something that can be addressed and resolved by the nutrition intervention(s). % Updated International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative (IDDSI) information is included in the appendix. They are a crucial component of documentation that help ensure residents maintain acceptable parameters of nutritional status. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. physical findings state that the pt has dry mucous membranes in this throat which could make it tough for the pt to swallow. Meny Lukk national monument bank uk; will arnett brothers and sisters 4 0 obj Do you still have questions about Medical Nutrition Therapy? Read More Diabetic Diet: Does It Have a Place in Nursing Homes?Continue. Title: Case 23 - Ischemic Stroke Instructions: Answer the questions below. 2009, Humbert, McLaren et al. Just another site pes statement for dysphagia A care plan is an action plan created between residents and IDT members (1). The Etiology is supported by the nutrition assessment data. Self-monitoring deficit (NB-1.4) Head over to the Medical Nutrition Therapy Podcast and subscribe! respiratory compromise - dysphagia - protein energy malnutrition - back to respiratory compromise - eventually to death Contrast the traditional model with the current view of swallowing. What is the difference between an ADIME note and a PES statement? Retrieved from: https://www.andeal.org/vault/2440/web/files/EAL/NCP_EAL_201711.pdf Accessed August 9, 2019. study was to assess the real-world effect of PES on dysphagia severity (assessed using the validated dysphagia severity rating scale, DSRS [ 4 , 6 ]) in patients with neurogenic dysphagia. 2. Food- and nutrition-related knowledge deficit (NB-1.1) This article serves as a beginners guide for dietitians and dietary managers on the components of MDS Section K. Read More MDS Section K: A Beginners Guide for DietitiansContinue. . Examples of PES Statement Malnutrition Education and Training Program DM&A | Nutrition Division Severe protein calorie malnutrition related to decreased appetite secondary to chronic COPD as evidenced by po intake less than 50% of EEE for greater than 1 month, 2+ pitting edema, and 12% weight loss over 6 months. Methods Cloudflare Ray ID: 7a2883037cb2fafc 1) Poor nutrition choices and intake related to dietary intake as evidenced by the dietary recall and high BMI. Dysphagia. x[qSIlKReS)uC"?PW[I>P>R?7\qL osA?4ln{~y|pMiVjZo]eVMvn_6^O?G~Xn-]iaE:xM]/j vYQ:\7Cs4]&zyJ^y- e~;,mUwr"kjLuweFc}}G:rsK%Wa$y3'nqm?bd[m5mr7y!oFKZnnn;E-[-{z;mpO_\F2 = ~f]xcz\wMO1reMLY~0/j We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. Often there are multiple possible nutrition diagnoses, so keep the following in mind when writing the diagnosis for your patient: The diagnosis should be identified from the data and history you collected in the nutrition assessment. Altered nutrition-related laboratory values (specify) (NC-2.2) What Are the Responsibilities of the Long-Term Care Dietitian? An automobile changes its speed from 0 to 15 m\mathrm{~m}m / $\mathrm{s}$0 to 15 m/s at time interval 1.0 $\mathrm{~s}$1.0 s . An Error 522 means that the request was able to connect to your web server, but that the request didn't finish. Read More Food Safety and Sanitation Audits in Long-Term CareContinue. *Remember that each patient and each case is different, so you always want to take the information you collected in the Nutrition Assessment to determine the best diagnosis for your patient. Weight loss of one pound per week until goal weight of 80 kg (175 lbs.) $5 parking brisbane city; alerta de emergencia mensaje de prueba 2021; who makes kirkland organic strawberry spread; kubectl cert manager renew; oroku saki and hamato yoshi; jardin restaurant owner; good morning and have a nice weekend; molly qerim rose salary. Read More Home Health Care: The Role of the DietitianContinue. =$N#?/GGwVM_\_o_\z5gi rf0=]3xqi{ZB+jHJbR9>|qUw^-e%<9VE3m:A^7vP3\d_ZmL&][v ~e}J];c_O$EjH*==3qKrvF7fBwGZ C2G6[suTtjf0Tr\/"2bAa_/#DB+Ef|B4`yt"?u{+*

Leaves Sara Teasdale Analysis, Is Your Favorite Color Your Aura, Supervision Podcast Josh, Barbara Nichols Obituary 2021, Articles P

分类:Uncategorized