The main Shtokavian dialects of Croatian, Serbian, Montenegrin and Bosnian are mutually intelligible. This term is similar to linguistic distance in that it can reflect how similar or different languages are. In other respects I am happy to say I manage to keep my identity clear of any overt nationalist definitions Torlak Serbian is spoken in the south and southwest of Serbia and is transitional to Macedonian. I can easily translate the first two sentences: Bulgarian is the oldest documented Slavic language. In the case of transparently cognate languages officially recognized as distinct such as Spanish and Italian, mutual intelligibility is in principle and in practice not binary (simply yes or no), but occurs in varying degrees, subject to numerous variables specific to individual speakers in the context of the communication. What about USAs dialects. Yet its totally foreign to many in Croatia. Written intelligibility was only calculated for a number of language pairs. Intelligibility between Balachka and Ukrainian is not known. I believe These 4 main Polish dialects are: Greater Polish, which is spoken in the west of the country. Polish ~ Kashubian . Much like Nordic languages. Ive done tests with my friends shtokavians-only (or monolingual Croats regarding the situation here) and it was very interesting. Later I found out that Slovenian and Bulgarian/Macedonian are all south Slavic languages while Serbian language is actually a western Slavic language like Slovak/Czech/Polish. We speak them too. People observing conversation between Cieszyn Silesian and Upper Silesian report that they have a hard time understanding each other. 5%? You are wrong about Slovenian and Croatian languages. There are also some TV shows that show Czech and Slovak contestants untranslated (like in Sweden where Norwegian comics perform untranslated), and most people seem to understand these shows. NATO EU. Macedonian I can understand better, and Im going to say that my comprehension of it used to lie somewhere between 90 and 95%, and Im going to cite 98% for my present knowledge theres a lot of technical vocabulary that takes a while to grasp, and a few words that I cant make sense of no matter how hard I try, but most of the differences are more marginal than between standard Serbian and Macedonian: Written intelligibility is often very different from oral intelligibility in that in a number of cases, it tends to be higher, often much higher, than oral intelligibility. Not only that, but it is not even fully intelligible with the Eastern Slovak that it resembles most. My take on it is right here. He conducts his interviews in Macedonian, and as you can watch , his guests, be they bulgarians, serbs, bosnians, croats have no trouble understanding his questions. https://www.academia.edu/4080349/Mutual_Intelligibility_of_Languages_in_the_Slavic_Family How much Slovene can your average Chakavian speaker understand? Its true that Slavic languages are not intelligible in the taking-the-first-person-from-the-street-and-making-them-listen-to-a-random-conversation way, that is, an average Slavic speaker with an untrained ear and little to no exposure to other Slavic languages will have difficulty understanding other Slavic languages. The Aegean Macedonian dialects mostly spoken in Greece, such as the Lerinsko-Kostursko and Solunsko-Vodenskadialects, sound more Bulgarian than Macedonian. Reading a Bulgarian text is not like reading an ordinary book in Czech, it would cost my brain much more kilojoules (but maybe mainly due to the monotonous Cyrilic script), but it is possible. Silesian, which can be heard in the southwest (sometimes also considered a separate language). Ponaszymu also has many Germanisms which have been falling out of use lately, replaced by their Czech equivalents. Together with the basic norm used in Bulgaria, there also exists a Macedonian norm, which (sao=also?) I also have formal training in several Slavic languages, which make most of them, except some of the Balkan ones, pretty much comprehensibe to me. This is not necessarily correct in terms of vocabulary, but you will find a lot in common in the grammatical rules . Now tokavian and akavian. Thank you. Get 70% off + 10 languages + 14 day free trial. Is Ukrainian mutually intelligible with Polish? Czech completely and utterly incomprehensible. akavian differs from the other nearby Slavic lects spoken in the country due to the presence of many Italian words. So I asked my Russian wife to listen to some of them (mostly local news on Youtube). Give me a figure in % for the Rusyn if you would. Southern Slovak on the Hungarian border has a harder time understanding Polish because they do not hear it much. In addition, a Net search was done of forums where speakers of Slavic languages were discussing how much of other Slavic languages they understand. What languages are mutually intelligible with Russian? Mutual intelligibilityrefers to whether speakers of one language can understand speakers of another language. Chakavian has a low mutual intelligibility with either, in part due to its large number of loanwords from Venetian. A koine is currently under development. can take anywhere. Hello Mr Lindsay, It is not intelligible with Shtokavian, although this is controversial. (Download). possession is indicated most frequently using dative pronouns, unlike Serbians tendency to use possessive pronouns in greater frequency But which languages in the world are actually closest to . In fact, many Macedonians are switching away from the Macedonian language towards Serbo-Croatian. ", "English in Scotland a phonological approach", "Mutual Intelligibility of Closely Related Languages within the Romance language family", "How Konkani Won the Battle for 'Languagehood', "Algumas observaes sobre a noo de lngua portuguesa", Romanian language Britannica Online Encyclopedia, "UCLA Language Materials Project: Language Profile", "Uzbek | the Center for East European and Russian/Eurasian Studies", "Soviet Dungan nationalism: a few comments on their origin and language", "The Linguistic Characteristic Of Esan Language: Towards Its Empowerment and Development", "Mutual intelligibility of spoken Maltese, Libyan Arabic, and Tunisian Arabic functionally tested: A pilot study", "Gdzie "sicz", a gdzie "porohy"?! For Kai-Cha it was less shocking as many words were taught by their parents (or they remembered them from childhood, before the school system forces you to use only the Std Cro). Then tokavian person reaction would be: What? As far as grammars are concerned (declension and conjugation), they are so similar that there is almost no effort in understanding that this noun is, for example, in dative plural, and that verb is imperfective past. That is a particularly ugly version of nationalism brewing in your vicinity. I am afraid you are not right because if you take Serbian dialects till Nis, then they are very mutually intelligible with Macedonian! Russia Invades Ukraine pt XII. Personally, I must admit that Serbs from areas above Nis (cf. For example, those who learn Ukrainian will eventually know 70% of Polish lexicon and a . For Macedonian without knowledge of other Slavic languages is also difficult to understand all the words which come from Russian and which are not current in Macedonian. A Serbian friend of mine was estaunished to see how some Macedonian celebrities speak Serbian on the TV without accent. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U1n9KMawa-8 If you speak Russian, it will be easier for you to understand other Slavic languages, which include Ukrainian, Belorussian, Polish, Czech, Slovak, Bulgarian, Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, and Slovene. A primary challenge to these positions is that speakers of closely related languages can often communicate with each other effectively if they choose to do so. Chakavian has 82% intelligibility of Kajkavian. December 2014. Also, I can only understand a small bit of Russian, and Ukrainian is even more far off for me(the pronunciation is easier but understanding is harder) and I can understand quite a bit of bulgarian(especially when written). It is not a failure. Ikavian Chakavian has two branches Southwestern Istrian and Southern Chakavian. Despite a lot of commonality between the dialects, the differences between them are significant. I dismiss some of the wilder conspiracy stuff out of hand. I guess this would not have worked for Macedonian and Slovene in the Yugoslav army. Hutch Mon May 14, 2007 12:25 am GMT. When you find out it is a separate language, you ask for %, and they often tell you! It exists in differing degrees among many related or geographically proximate languages of the world, often in the context of a dialect continuum. If the central varieties die out and only the varieties at both ends survive, they may then be reclassified as two languages, even though no actual language change has occurred during the time of the loss of the central varieties. Do you speak Boyko or Hutsul? Russian 20 % spoken, 30 % written Young czechs and slovaks communicate on internet on daily basis and they understand each other just perfectly. Polish is spoken outside of Poland by Polish diaspora groups in countries like Ukraine, Belarus, Germany, Canada, and the United Kingdom. Then she talks about the cards in the bags, I again understand everything, but at 0:47, another stream of unintelligible sounds is starting. For example, all Russian shows get subtitles on Ukrainian TV. Many Turkic languages are mutually intelligible to a higher or lower degree, but thorough empirical research is needed to establish the exact levels and patterns of mutual intelligibility between the languages of this linguistic family. The results show that in most cases, a division between West and South Slavic languages does exist and that West . The person did not understand everything what I wrote. In writing, German is also somewhat mutually intelligible with Dutch. Slovak has 91% intelligibility of Czech. Ive been following this page and kept coming to it for the past months, actually more than a year (and have noticed some updates). I tested this on my wife by showing her news clips on Youtube. Its spelling, however, is quite different from any of them. Some Russians and Bulgarians say they understand almost nothing of the other language. London Times, 25 September 2006 Salute from Czech republic. This debate occurred only in Croatian linguistic circles, and the public knows nothing about it (Jembrigh 2014). What is the basis on which your Serbian friend said that? Eastern Slovak has ~80% intelligibility of Rusyn. On the other hand, it can be difficult for Russians to understand Ukrainian (though it is easy for them to learn it). Ukrainian 15 % spoken, 25 % written Spoken Slovenian is a surprise too its phonology has a significant German influence. Intelligibility problems are mostly on the Czech end because they dont bother to learn Slovak while many Slovaks learn Czech. Linguistic distance is the name for the concept of calculating a measurement for how different languages are from one another. http://www.network54.com/Forum/84302/thread/1284248981/last-1288620675/The+real+9-11+cover+up-+Political+hijacking++was+originally+aimed+at+Russia, http://www.network54.com/Forum/84302/thread/1289113786/last-1289113786/British+intelligence+links+to+African+Emabssy+bombings, http://www.btinternet.com/~nlpwessex/Documents/sheikhmedia.htm, http://www.fbi.gov/wanted/wanted_terrorists/usama-bin-laden/view, http://ifaq.wap.org/society/voweldeployment.html, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=58Aog4AJdQM, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U1n9KMawa-8, https://www.academia.edu/4080349/Mutual_Intelligibility_of_Languages_in_the_Slavic_Family, http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11185-015-9150-9, https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA, Alt Left: Ukrainian Nazis Execute Two of Their Own Men for Refusing to Fight, The Conquest of Germany and Japan Never Ended, Protected: Post to Discuss All of the Various POIs and Theories in the Delphi Murders from the Crime to the Present, Protected to Avoid Libel and Character Assassination Part 10, NATO Helped the Ukrainians Fire All Those Drones at Russia, Including all the Way to Moscow, The Conquest and Destruction of Russia Project Goes Way Back to Post World War 2, The Jewish Conspiracy To Subject Humankind. In other words, Ukrainian speakers can often understand Russian, while Russian speaker doesn't understand Ukrainian, especially Russian speakers from outside Ukraine. Your English is pretty much ok. Un- or fortunately, you are right about the thesis about Macedonian and Bulgarian. The Lemko dialect of Rusyn has only marginal intelligibility with Ukrainian. Macedonian syntax and lexics are more similar to Serbian, even though structures of the language such as articles (no declensions) function as in Bulgarian. Buzet is actually transitional between Slovenian and Kajkavian. Student Authored Website. French has a reasonable degree of lexical similarity with Italian,Sardinian, Romansh, Portuguese, Romanian and Spanish, making it partially mutually intelligible with these languages. You cannot simply separate the articles from the words during a regular conversation. Like rano i utro or kanapa dywan kawior. In this case, another criteria I would also consider is how hard or easy it is for a Serb to start understanding Macedonian. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=58Aog4AJdQM. The problem is that native speakers can understand other speakers of their own language. So I understood 100% But I admit that it was a relatively very easy text. Are Russian and Polish mutually intelligible? [1] Advanced speakers of a second language typically aim for intelligibility, especially in situations where they work in their second language and the necessity of being understood is high. slavic mutual newspaper The problem is that most linguists are not interested in scientific intelligibility testing of language pairs. We also participate in other affiliate advertising programs for products and services we believe in. http://www.btinternet.com/~nlpwessex/Documents/sheikhmedia.htm Its historical development consists of four main periods. But then it is difficult. At least not in general if so, it might depend on the school. Im Slovenian, my mother tongue is Slovenian, however I have also learnt Serbo-Croatian from a very early age. Are Polish and Ukrainian mutually intelligible? I confess to not being a linguist, and therefore didnt see past the problematic sentence His wife had never been to Poland and her language was completely foreign to me. I kind of like it though . between Ni Torlak and Macedonian than between either of those two and Serbian Finally, understanding mutual intelligibility gives you helpful insight into the history of a language. Im gonna estimate 40% for Bulgarian, cant really say what the difference between written and spoken Bulgarian would be for me. As a non-Ukrainian (as well as non-Polish) native speaker, I can understand Ukrainian through Polish more easily than Russian, even though I actually studied Russian formally, but never Ukrainian-:) . They say, ~60%, ~65%, etc. My gues. Those 12% in Polish are very dubious as well. . I use Wikipedia as a reference for new languages that Wikipedia misses, like the 4 Croatian languages. Far Northeastern Slovak (Saris Slovak) near the Polish border is close to Polish and Ukrainian. Robert Lindsay. However, many of these dialects are at least partially mutually intelligible. In terms of pronunciation, Ukrainian or Southeastern Yiddish can be considered to occupy an intermediate position between Northeastern and Central Yiddish. Chakavian actually has a written heritage, but it was mostly written down long ago. Serbo-Croatian and Bulgarian have 10-15% oral intelligibility, however, there are Bulgarian dialects that are transitional with Torlak Serbian. Yet we speak of Kai/Cha as of Serbo-Croatian dialects, while Slovenian is totally foreign. Ukrainians seems closer to Slovak than Russian but some words in Russian are almost exactly the same in Slovak but in Ukranian they are completely different. Serbians often say radiu and its very similar to Croatian raditi u or radit u, but sometimes Serbians say ja u da radim or even u da radim without ja (I), because u is first singular form of the verb hteti and ja is needless, but its very rare and common for southern Serbian dialects and also very very irregular in official Serbian, but that is very similar to official Macedonian. The written languages differ much more than the spoken ones. In this week's Slavic languages comparison, we talk about animals in Polish and Ukrainian. Croatian (Stokavski): 98% Much of the claimed intelligibility is simply bilingual learning. Being fluent in Slovenian and Serbo-Croatian gives you access to understanding more of other Slavic languages. After all, you can look at the study that I listed above and check the results of the written translation task (translation of 50 individual words), which illustrates the similarity of lexicons: Czechs best understand Slovak words (96,52%), then Polish (64,29%), then Bulgarian (57,00%), Croatian (55,38%) and Slovene (49,73%). The Serbo-Croatian vocabulary in both Macedonian and Torlakian is very similar, stemming from the political changes of 1912; whereas these words have changed more in Bulgarian. Or they will say, Well, that is about 70% our language. If it is a dialect, they will say, That is really still our language. Rusyn ~ Ukrainian . Speakers of the Torlak dialect (any Torlak dialect) understand Serbo-Croation, Macedonian and Bulgarian with no problem, and can comprehand Slovenian as much as 80-90% within a few weeks of exposure. However, it appears to be a separate language, as Lach is not even intelligible within itself. I think the OP exagerated a bit. Ukrainian has 82% intelligibility of Belarusian and Rusyn and 55% of Polish. Although the standard view is that Balachka is a Ukrainian dialect, some linguists say that it is actually a separate language closely related to Ukrainian. "A New Methodology for Romance Classification". Upper Dnistrian is influenced by German and Polish. Map; Russia's Periphery* Baltic States. Usama Bin Laden is wanted in connection with the August 7, 1998, bombings of the United States Embassies in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and Nairobi, Kenya. There can be huge differences between spoken/written forms of a Slavic language, because the written form may have a very similar vocabulary, phonology and grammar, but due to a different, strong stress, you wont understand almost anything. On the other side, i.e. Mutual Intelligibility of Languages in the Slavic Family.

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