USA & International; 100 This included the 6th Airborne Division, but it was held by the seaborne tail. It became the primary formation controlling the British contribution to NATO after the formation of the alliance in 1949. Its commander was the British commander of the British Army of the Rhine (BAOR). London: Bantam, 2009. Army Group Royal Artillery . London: William Kimber, 1971. [11], A new base was developed around Brussels, and an advanced base area around Antwerp, but supplies were still being drawn from the Rear Maintenance Area (RMA) in Normandy. Initially, bulk POL was brought across the Rhine in tanker trucks at the rate of 1,000 tonnes (1,000 long tons) per day. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003. It took part in the Overlord invasion of Europe in 1944 and through to the end of war in Germany. The 21st Army Group asked for four base supply depots (BSDs), six field bakeries, three field butcheries, a cold storage depot and two detail issue depots (DIDs). It was originally composed of five corps, composed of two divisions each, plus a cavalry division:[1], IV Corps: Commanded by Sir Alexander Godley, VI Corps: Commanded by Sir Aylmer Haldane, IX Corps: Commanded by Sir Walter Braithwaite and later by Ivor Maxse, Cavalry Division (formed from 1st Cavalry Division). In turn this demanded a high degree of organisation and professionalism required to utilise the available machines and firepower to best effect. During this advance it suffered 7,665 casualties and captured 78,108 prisoners. Contents 1 History [38] Operation Blackcock, a preliminary operation to clear German forces from the Roer Triangle, was carried out by the XII Corps in January 1945. [87], Stocking of No. An emergency repair effort was conducted, and many were shipped direct from the workshops to the front lines. [52], Special tracks were provided for the Bren gun carriers to prevent skidding on icy roads, but these had to be withdrawn when it was discovered that they caused excessive wear and tear on their suspensions. French, David. On the other hand, the 21st Army Group held sufficient stocks of POL to accede to a request from SHAEF to allocate 73,000 long tons (74,000t) of petrol for US use. A traffic jam broke the bridge during the night, but it was reopened thirteen hours later. Due to the proximity of Rees, the VIII Corps Troops Engineers could not work on the "London" class 40 Bailey pontoon bridge until the afternoon of 25 March, and it was opened at 23:00 on 26 March. WO2 Served from 1974 - 1994 Served in British Army of the Rhine. Peter Walker. This account will transfer to the new Comd British Army Germany, Col Tim Hill. Strachan, Hew, ed. The average tonnage on the canal system rose steadily from 27,000 tonnes (27,000 long tons) in January to 35,000 tonnes (34,000 long tons) in February, 48,000 tonnes (47,000 long tons) in March and 56,000 tonnes (55,000 long tons) in April. In a broader context, Barnett 1970 and Chandler and Beckett 2003 provide an essential overview of the experiences that have shaped the British Army over its long history. On 4 May Montgomery took the surrender of the German forces in front of the 21st Army Group. The high use of road transport meant that the British Second Army burned 7,600 tonnes (7,500 long tons) of petrol a day, but pipelines were laid across the Rhine at Emmerich and were in operation by the end of April. The following 12 files are in this category, out of 12 total. [17], The British Forces Broadcasting Service (BFBS) radio services were widely available on FM across north-western Germany. British Land Forces in Germany came under the command of the British Army of the Rhine. [44] For security reasons, troop movements had to be conducted at night. [2] Although it contained personnel nations, the logistical support was British. A.G.B. The two corps stocked their FMCs by road, but the completion of repairs to the 1,222-metre (4,008ft) bridge over the Maas at Gennep by the 7th Army Troops Engineers on 20 March relieved the pressure on the one at Grave, and it became possible to move the railhead to within the No. What military bases are left in Germany? Road transport accounted for another 29,865 personnel and 23,360 trucks. During February 300,000 long tons (300,000t) of supplies were delivered to the XXX Corps railheads. In a European context the first step in this process was the 1947 Anglo-French Treaty of Dunkirk. british army of the rhine bases. It was estimated that six one-way class 40 and two one-way class 70 pile bridges would be needed. You can order records in advance to be ready for. Emmerich was taken on 1 April after a three-day battle to provide an additional bridgehead. A petrol station company was formed from personnel made surplus by the reorganisation with six platoons, each containing three sections. [25] This was codenamed Operation Goldflake, and it involved the redeployment of the I Canadian Corps and British 5th Division from Italy to North West Europe. $35.86. A general study of the historical experiences that have shaped the British army. Each man crossing the Rhine was issued with a 24-hour ration, an emergency ration, a tin of preserved meat, a tin of self-heating soup or cocoa, a packet of biscuits and a tommy cooker with six hexamine tablets. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for 1950s British Army Rhine Royal Artillery Soldiers sergeant officer etc 3.25*2.25 at the best online prices at eBay! 2019 Ted Fund Donors 168 FMC area at Goch. The Kangaroo armoured personnel carriers and the Buffalo tracked amphibious vehicles of the 79th Armoured Division were overhauled between January and March. bases and force levels," the political response focused on the creation of defensive alliances. The transfer involved 102,415 troops. Foster. Stores still required by the 21st Army Group were moved forward to the new advanced base, and the rest returned to the War Office for disposal. [19] He intended to make the main Allied effort in the north, in the 21st Army Group's sector. As a result of this fire it was decided to remove camouflage from the oil storage tanks, because it was not effective against the V-2, and hampered fire fighting efforts. A thematic study on how the British Army imagined the use of tactical nuclear weapons in land combat. The aim was to re-establish patrols in these areas and flush out paramilitaries from urban bases. 12 Army Roadhead in the Rheine area commenced on 3 April, and the corps started drawing from it on 9 April. Post war First Corps District administered Rhine Province and Westphalia. [63][72] The seaborne tail of the 6th Airborne Division established a DUKW replenishment area west of the Rhine from whence supplies were moved until it could cross the river. They were augmented by 1,891 and 1,446 anti-aircraft guns and anti-tank guns. Ted's Bio; Fact Sheet; Hoja Informativa Del Ted Fund; Ted Fund Board 2021-22; 2021 Ted Fund Donors; Ted Fund Donors Over the Years. [13], With the departure of Major General John Henderson in March 2015, the Commanding Officer of British Forces Germany became a brigadier's post, with Brigadier Ian Bell assuming command. The 21st Army Group allocated additional road transport capacity to the armies by shifting vehicles from the rear areas and immobilising units that were not immediately needed. An Inter-Allied force of British, French and . Blaxland, Gregory. At this time the ration strength of the 21st Army Group was around 1.2 million, while that of the Mediterranean theatre was 1.4 million. percheron breeders near me; manchester public schools teacher contract; arizona cardinals schedule 2022 2023. chevy 350 compression ratio chart; matthew gunner ohanion 11 Army Roadhead, it was dependent on the daily arrival of ammunition trains. Moody 2020 provides the first comprehensive study of how the army intellectualized the arrival of nuclear weapons and how they might be employed in a future war. Evolution of the organisation of the 21st Army Group line of communications, British logistics in the Western Allied invasion of Germany, Development of the line of communications, British logistics in the Western Allied Invasion of Germany, Fog Investigation and Dispersal Operation, British logistics in the Normandy campaign, British logistics in the Siegfried Line campaign, Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force, Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers, Supply and Maintenance on the European Continent, Official History of the Canadian Army in the Second World War, XVIII Corps (Airborne), Operation the Elbe to the Baltic, 27 April 1945 to 3 May 1945, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=British_logistics_in_the_Western_Allied_invasion_of_Germany&oldid=1141771057, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 26 February 2023, at 18:30. Only three could be provided by the 21st Army Group: the 5th Line of Communications Sub Area and the 101st Beach Sub Area when released from the RMA, and the 9th Line of Communications Sub Area, when it was no longer required for Operation Goldflake. Four days later the German Instrument of Surrender was signed in Berlin, and the war with Germany was over. Download Citation | The British Army of the Rhine | The British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) began life in 1945 as a postwar administrative headquarters deployed in support of the civilian authority . [44] Crerar noted that if the ammunition for Operation Veritable was stacked side-by-side and 1.5 metres (5ft) high, it would have extend for 48 kilometres (30mi). Chandler, David, and Ian Beckett, eds. 168 FMC near Goch. [46] There were 350 different types of ammunition in all. At the beginning of March 1945, the 21st Army Group had bulk petrol transport capacity of about 2,700 tonnes (2,700 long tons) per day, assuming 80 per cent of the vehicles were running. Army personnel will be permanently based in the country where the UK is retaining the 45-square mile Sennelager Training Area, which provides both UK and NATO forces with an expansive live firing. 13 Army Roadhead at Nijmegen. [28], It was estimated that seven line of communications sub area headquarters would be required to support the advance into Germany. Three trains a day were run over this route under an arrangement with SHAEF and the American Military Railway Service. [30], The two airborne divisions participating in Operation Varsity, the airborne operation supporting Operation Plunder, were initially supplied by the First Allied Airborne Army. Special arrangements were made to supply the Royal Air Force's Fog Investigation and Dispersal Operation, which consumed 410,000 litres (90,000impgal) a night, and Gloster Meteor jet fighters, which consumed 14,000 litres (3,000impgal) of kerosene each day. The next major operation was Operation Plunderthe assault crossing of the Rhine. [47][48] Some 50 miles (80km) of new roads were built, and over 400 miles (640km) of roads were repaired, which required 64,000 tonnes (63,000 long tons). During the month, 432 trains delivered 230,000 tonnes (230,000 long tons) to 37 railheads in the British Second Army area. To conserve scarce manpower, the British and Canadian forces employed mechanisation and materiel to maximum effect. Cold War British Army Threat Recognition Guide It's the 1980s and the British Army Of the Rhine is still stationed in West Germany facing down the USSR's forces. [30] All movements were completed by the second week of April. No. [47], The opening of a railway bridge over the Maas at Ravenstein on 4 February enabled the FMCs to be served by rail. From 1922 the BAOR was organised into two brigades:[1], The second British Army of the Rhine was formed on 25 August 1945 from the British Liberation Army. Four days later orders came that disarmed troops would no longer have prisoner of war status, but would be classified as Surrendered Enemy Personnel, and that their own officers would be responsible for their administration. [88] Another 2,000 tonnes (2,000 long tons) was obtained from within the Second Army by grounding artillery and armoured units that were not immediately required for the advance. It closed in 1991 when the refurbished BMH Iserlohn re-opened. CONTENTS OF EMAILS MAY BE DISPLAYED ON THIS SITE (BUT IN AN ENCRYPTED FORMAT TO DETER SPAMMERS) TO BENEFIT HISTORY. This included 15,000,000 rations, which were gradually eaten by the troops in the RMA. Printer friendly. [9] This required major operations, and the port was not opened for shipping until 26 November. [7] Following a further spending review, one brigade was withdrawn and Osnabrck Garrison closed in 2009. Initially Goldflake convoys sailed to Marseilles by a direct route but after the Battle of the Ligurian Sea on the night of 17/18 March they were routed further south, through the Strait of Bonifacio between Corsica and Sardinia. The bank control groups controlled all movement from the marshalling areas on the near side of the Rhine to the dispersal areas on the far side. [51] Extremely cold conditions persisted into February, and the divisions were issued with Arctic clothing and equipment that had been stockpiled for operations in Norway. London and Portland, OR: Frank Cass, 2000. The tracks of Sherman tanks were equipped with "duck bill" connectors to facilitate advancing across snow and soft ground. After the assumption of government by civilians, it became the command formation for the troops in Germany only, rather than being responsible for administration as well. To maximise their turnaround time, they were only used to cover the flooded stretch, with loads transferred to them and unloaded from them into other vehicles at each end. These provided health care and bathing and delousing with DDT to prevent the spread of disease. [100], In the campaign in North West Europe in 1945, Montgomery sought to defeat Germany and ensure a prominent British role in the postwar political organisation of Europe. 206 FMC. ORIGINAL 1943 RAF WILHELMSHAVEN GERMANY MAP WAR BRITISH ARMY MILITARY WWII WW2. [42] The weight of shell employed would still be formidable; the fire plan still called for 6 tonnes (6 long tons) of shells to be delivered on designated targets, and some would receive up to 11 tonnes (11 long tons). [66] The British rail line of communications now ran from Antwerp to Nijmegen via Roosendaal and Tilburg,[67] where the railway bridge that had opened on 22 December was duplicated by 3 January 1945. ST. Army Gymnastic Staff AH Army Health . The Royal Navy formed Force U, consisting of three squadrons, each with a flotilla of twelve Landing Craft Medium (LCM), and a flotilla of twelve Landing Craft, Vehicle, Personnel (LCVP), which were transported by road across Holland and Belgium to participate. Overseas military bases of the United Kingdom enable the British Armed Forces to conduct expeditionary warfare and maintain a forward presence.Bases tend to be located in or near areas of strategic or diplomatic importance, often used for the build-up or resupply of military forces, as was seen during the 1982 Falklands War and the use of RAF Ascension Island as a staging post. Daily expenditure of ammunition soon exceeded a trainload, so the non-arrival of even one train meant that ammunition had to be drawn from the Second Army roadhead at Bourg Leopold. [5], First established following the Second World War, the forces grew during the Cold War, and consisted, by the early 1980s, of I (BR) Corps made up of four divisions; 1st Armoured Division, 2nd Armoured Division, 3rd Armoured Division and the 4th Armoured Division. The best introduction to the regimental system of the British army. They were also utilised for duties such as manning level crossings. staff to a British Advanced Ordnance Depot. In addition to the storm boats, DUKWs, Buffaloes and Weasels,[62] there were also amphibious DD tanks. British Air Forces in Germany came under the command of RAF Germany. Sirs, Ladies and Gentlemen,Welcome to the website dedicated to the British Army of the Rhine, its locations, and those areas whilst not strictly within BAOR, thatwere vital to the operation of the theatre. 12 and 14 Army Roadheads were being run down. [60], The engineer units in the XII Corps assault area were under 11th Army Group, Royal Engineers (AGRE), commanded by Colonel R. B. The British Army of the Rhine was born in 1945 out of the British Liberation Army at the close of the war as the military government of the British zone of occupied Germany. Recourse was therefore made to Weasel tracked vehicles, and every available Weasel was rushed to the front. [85], During the first three weeks of April 1945, the Second Army advanced about 320 kilometres (200mi) across northern Germany to reach the Elbe on 19 April. XXX Corps opened a new No. [53], Once the battle commenced on 8 February, the main administrative task was replenishing the stocks of ammunition. [28] Advance parties from each formation involved travelled by air from Florence, but most Operation Goldflake units moved by sea. After an advance which was thoroughly resisted, the British formations, along with the Canadians and Americans advanced into the German counties of Nordrhein-Westfalen, Niedersachsen and Schleswig-Holstein . A third bridge, "Westminster", was commenced by the 6th Army Troops Engineers on 26 March, completed at 18:00 on 29 March, and ceremoniously opened by Dempsey the next morning. Pipelines were now constructed from Calais to Ghent, and thence to the storage facilities around Antwerp. 167 FMC was handed over to it, and became No. The class 40 timber pile bridge at Zanten, known as "Dempsey" was built by the 18th GHQ Troops Engineers and was opened on 26 May. The Mediterranean theatre was only able to provide two field bakeries. As the Soviet threat increased, so BAOR became less of an occupational army and assumed the role of defender of Western Europe, and as a major contributor to NATO after . 166 Field Maintenance Centre (FMC) at Veghel and the two Canadian FMCs at Wijchen and Oss. [85] A semi-permanent class 40 bridge and a semi-permanent class 70 bridge were also built over the Ijssel at Zutphen. [26][27], Finding the additional service and supply units proved difficult, as the Mediterranean theatre had long been short of them. A German V-2 rocket scored a direct hit on the British POL installation at Antwerp on 19 January. 14 Army Roadhead. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008. 10 Army Roadhead. Covered accommodation was eventually provided for between 300,000 and 400,000 troops. [66][76], At Gennep, the 6th Army Troops Engineers built a 312-metre (1,023ft) class 30 Bailey bridge using the piers and abutments of a demolished railway bridge. [3], The 21st Army Group's campaign in North West Europe had commenced with Operation Overlord, the Allied landings in Normandy on D-Day, 6 June 1944. This airborne operation was the largest of its kind during the entire war, utilizing 1,625 transports, 1,348 gliders, and 889 escort fighters to deliver over 22,000 airborne infantry into the contested territory. Sixteen of the bombers were lost to anti-aircraft fire. The army roadheads were mainly supplied by rail. En 1961, il est affect au Royal Corps of Signals, et fair partie de la British Army of the Rhine. They had had better relations with the British than with the French, and they would have brought a measure of stability and prosperity in the difficult economic conditions of 1920s Germany. Stocking of No. [88][93], Dumbo surpassed its target of 1million imperial gallons (4.5million litres) (about 3,620 tonnes (3,560 long tons)) per day on 15 March 1945, and by 3 April the Dumbo lines were delivering 4,500 long tons (4,600t) a day. Operation Plunder included an airborne operation, Operation Varsity, in which two airborne divisions were landed with a day's supply of food, fuel and petrol. The class 12 Bailey bridge, known as "Sussex", took the XII Corps Troops Engineers and the Royal Navy 43 hours to erect. Margaret Brown. zThis page represents the structure of the British Army in 1989, the last year of the Cold War. SALUTE South London Warlords. Some of the ammunition that had earlier been dumped was to be made inaccessible by flood waters. Happily, we were posted to the British Army of the Rhine, in my case, to 282 (Welsh) Field Company, RE, in the 63rd (Welsh) Division. The West German town of Bruggen, 55 miles (88 km) south of Dusseldorf, celebrated its 700th anniversary on Saturday (2 June) by granting the freedom of the city to a British Army unit which has been stationed in the town for 21 years. [98] By May the ration strength of the 21st Army Group had risen to 1.711 million. Following the 2010 Strategic Defence and Security Review, the permanent deployment in Germany ended in 2020. The best introduction to the regimental system of the British army. [32][33], A major user of fuel was the Fog Investigation and Dispersal Operation (FIDO) system at pinoy, which consumed 410,000 litres (90,000impgal) per night. [14] With the German offensive defeated, the US First Army reverted to American command on 18 January 1945,[15] but the US Ninth Army remained part of the 21st Army Group until 4 April. Similar Royal Air Force Germany, Royal Electrical and Mech, British Army, Royal Military Police, Army Air Corps. [6] In 1967, the force was reduced in strength to 53,000 soldiers. [61] Up to seven trains per day were required to move the ammunition from the advance base to the ammunition railheads at No. During the Great War (1914-1918) approximately 900,000 men, a quarter of the whole Army. Photo courtesy of RAMC Lab Tech Cpl Peter Elgar 1958. Captured German dumps held sufficient quantities of food for them, but they were not always easily accessible or distributable, so some had to be fed from 21st Army Group stocks, on a temporary ration scale of 1,100 calories (4,600J) per man per day. Not only are the well-equipped forward elements presented, but the light security elements that form BAOR's vital reinforcements are included as well. [94] New lines continued to be laid, the last one being laid to Bocholt on 24 May. [62] XII Corps allocated sixty DUKWs each to the 6th Airborne Division, US 17th Airborne Division and the 15th Infantry Division; thirty were in corps reserve, nine were designated for casualty evacuation and six for the Royal Engineers. Since prompt clearance of the trains was essential to allow turnaround of the locomotives and rolling stock, vehicles had to be used to clear less urgently required supplies such as POL, coal and engineer stores. Five days before the operation began, the Navy asked for 40 more, which were provided. A smoke screen concealed preparations on the west bank of the Rhine. The 6th Line of Communications Sub Area was earmarked to take over the administration of the port of Rotterdam when it was captured. This saved on road transport, but at the cost of some degree of flexibility. Between 1945 and 1957, West Germany made a dizzying pivot from Nazi bastion to Britain's Cold War ally against the Soviet Union. Following the war the BLA was redesignated to become the British Army of the Rhine in August . BAOR is defined as British Army Of the Rhine frequently. [102] Lend Lease aid from the United States and a high degree of industrial mobilisation provided the equipment and materiel. Due to changing operational requirements, it was ultimately decided to build only three semi-permanent class 40 bridges, at Xanten, Rees and Arnhem, and two class 70 bridges, at Rees and Arnhem. 13 Army Roadhead. Demands for smoke generators exhausted the available stocks and generators were taken from the anti-aircraft gun positions around Antwerp. Apart from the Alpine Training Centre Hubertus Haus in Oberstdorf, which is in Bavaria, British Army Germany is entirely based in North Rhine-Westphalia. Garrisons which closed at this time included Soest (home of the 6th Armoured Brigade),[8] Soltau (home of the 7th Armoured Brigade)[9] and Minden (home of the 11th Armoured Brigade).[10]. Alpine Training Centre (ATC) Hubertus-Haus this installation provides facilities and activities, including rock climbing, kayaking, paragliding, sailing, mountain biking, and winter sports, under the auspices of the Adventurous Training Foundation Delivery (AFTD), and is maintained by military and civil personnel. The British 6th Airborne Division was withdrawn to the UK and re-equipped there, but its seaborne tail had to be re-equipped by the 21st Army Group. As the Soviet threat increased, so BAOR became less of an occupational army and assumed the role of defender of Western Europe, and as a major contributor to NATO after 1949. Most of these units were progressively dissolved, so that by February 1920 there were only regular battalions: In August 1920 Winston Churchill told the British Parliament that the BAOR comprised approximately 13,360 troops, consisting of staff, cavalry, Royal Artillery, Royal Engineers, infantry, machine gun corps, tanks, and the usual ancillary services. An allocation of 300 tonnes (300 long tons) per day was made, but owing to competing American demands, the use of aircraft to repatriate liberated American, British and Commonwealth ex-prisoners of war (PWX), and a somewhat cumbersome procedure for requesting air deliveries, the tonnage of air freight never reached this level, averaging just 145 tonnes (143 long tons) per day for the month of April. [37] Operation Veritable was scheduled to commence on 8 February, but the date for Operation Grenade could not be set, as it depended on the capture of dams on the Roer further south by the US First Army. [55][56][57], With Antwerp in operation, some supplies were now coming directly from the United States. You could not be signed in, please check and try again. 13 Army Roadhead while II Canadian Corps advanced on Oldenburg supported from No. Red Sash Wargames Army of the Rhine - Ombre de Turenne SW | Toys & Hobbies, Games, Board & Traditional Games | eBay! The Making of the British Army: From the English Civil War to the War on Terror. CENTAG consisted, from north to south, of III GE Corps, V US Corps, VII US Corps, and II (GE) Corps in the extreme . [72][97], As the German forces crumbled before the Allied onslaught, the numbers of German prisoners of war grew to the point where orders were issued on 1 May that no more prisoners should be sent west of the Rhine. It was also feared for a time that the skeleton FMC was in danger of being inundated, although it was sited on high ground. [30], A rail halt was established at Gevrey-Chambertin and bivouac areas at Montbard and Chalon-sur-Sane. Depots and stocks remaining in the RMA were transferred to the control of the War Office. Home; About. [92] There was an additional allocation of 5,100 tonnes (5,000 long tons) of road transport for the drive to the Baltic Sea on 26 April, and another 2,700 tonnes (2,700 long tons) was received by the end of the month. There have been two formations named British Army of the Rhine (BAOR). [47] Four main road routes were available for troop movements, utilising road bridges over the Maas at Grave, Mook and Ravenstein. Army of Occupation commanders.jpg 800 595; 155 KB. [73], The assault divisions established ordnance dumps on the west bank of the Rhine with at least one section of the divisional ordnance field park from which urgently required equipment and spare parts for vehicles could be sent across by DUKW without delay. The British Army, Manpower, and Society into the Twenty-First Century. Ron. [6] What followed was a far more rapid advance than anticipated. [12] Petrol was brought in tankers and over the Operation Pluto pipeline. Both formations had areas of responsibility located around the German section of the River Rhine. There were doubts as to whether this need could be met, but the situation was eased by the fortuitous arrival of 4,700 tonnes (4,600 long tons) of ammunition that had been pre-loaded on some of the transport that had been allocated by the 21st Army Group. The extensive use of the German archives is commendable."--Ian F. W. Beckett, editor of Citizen Soldiers and the British Empire, 1837-1902 "Speiser provides a well-researched, lively account of how, not always successfully, after 1945 the British attempted to use their Rhine Army to win German hearts and minds. While it was under construction, the engineers came under attack by the Luftwaffe, and 8 men were killed and 22 wounded. The great majority of Canadian requirements, including ordnance stores, ammunition, petroleum products, most engineer, medical and dental stores, rations, office machinery and other supplies, were provided through British channels. Chieftain: The British Army of the Rhine, provides a complete array of British equipment and maneuver units, from Chieftain and Challenger tanks through MCV-80 and Saxon APCs. The other units could not be found, and the 21st Army Group was informed that it would have to make do without them. The longer shipping time meant that a working margin of 30 days' supplies was desirable instead of the one of 14 days for shipments from the United Kingdom. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}520734N 84059E / 52.12611N 8.68306E / 52.12611; 8.68306.

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