Biography. "[43] During the last cabinet meetings of the Konoe government, Tojo emerged as a hawkish voice, saying he did not want a war with the United States but portrayed the Americans as arrogant, bullying white supremacists. He died on December 23, 1948 in Tokyo. According to Trend Celeb Now, Hideki Tojo's estimated Net Worth, Salary, Income, Cars, Lifestyles & much more details has been updated below. 39 Related Question Answers Found Why did the Japanese attack Pearl Harbor? On November 2, Tojo and Chiefs of Staff Hajime Sugiyama and Osami Nagano reported to Hirohito that the review had been in vain. [97] Tojo, aware of the intrigues to bring him down, had sought the public approval of the Emperor, which was denied; the Emperor sent him a message to the effect that the man responsible for the disaster of Saipan was not worthy of his approval. Prologue. He was arrested and recovered following surgery in a U.S. Army hospital. In 1922, on his way home to Japan, Tojo took a train ride across the United States, his first and only visit to America, which left him with the impression that the Americans were a materialistic "soft" people devoted only to making money and to hedonistic pursuits like sex, partying and (despite Prohibition) drinking. [27] In September 1935, Tojo assumed top command of the Kenpeitai of the Kwantung Army in Manchuria. Adm. How many German soldiers were executed for desertion in ww2? Hideki Tojo was born in Tokyo, Japan, on December 30th, 1884, to Lt. General Hidenori Tojo of the Japanese Imperial Army. inevitable next war (against precisely whom the book did not say) was to repeat the example of the Russian-Japanese war on a much greater scale by creating the "national defense state" that would mobilize the entire nation for war. On September 11, 1945, after Japan's formal surrender, Tōjō shot himself in a suicide attempt, but he was nursed back to health and on April 29, 1946, with other Japanese wartime leaders, was indicted for war crimes before the International Military Tribunal for the Far East in Tokyo. He was found guilty and hanged, age 63, on 23-12-1948 and is buried on the Jasukuni Jinga Cemetery, in Tokyo. [57] Hull proposed that Japan "withdraw all military, naval, air and police forces" from China and French Indochina in exchange for lifting the oil embargo, but left the term China undefined. On October 14, the deadline had passed with no progress. Hideki Tojo was born on December 30th 1884 in Tokyo, Japan. She was the granddaughter of General Hideki Tōjō, the Japanese wartime prime minister who was convicted as a Class A war criminal and hanged after World War II in 1948. On September 11th, 1945 Hideki Tojo attempted suicide but was unsuccessful. As a boy, Tojo was known for his stubbornness, lack of a sense of humor, for being an opinionated and combative youth fond of getting into fights with the other boys and for his tenacious way of pursuing what he wanted. Hideki Tojo was “perfectly relieved” and “tipsy,” convinced Japan would win any conflict with the United States after having finished all the administrative procedures to wage war against American and British forces in … [94] Tojo was the Prime Minister, Minister of War and Chief of the Army General Staff, and was seen both in Japan and in the US as, in words of Willmott, "the embodiment of national determination, hardline nationalism and militarism". According to them, MacArthur and Brigadier General Bonner Fellers worked to protect the Emperor and shift ultimate responsibility to Tojo. As a result of this experience, the Army had medical personnel present during the later arrests of other accused Japanese war criminals, such as Shigetarō Shimada. Prince Konoe had chosen Tojo—a man representative of both the Army's hardline views and the Control faction while being considered reasonable to deal with—to secure the Army's backing for his foreign policy. I am very sorry for the nation and all the races of the Greater Asiatic powers. [86] Tojo decided to take the strategic offensive for 1944 with his plans to win the war in 1944 being as follows: Tojo expected that a major American defeat in the Marianas combined with the conquest of China and India would so stun the Americans that they would sue for peace. [105][106][107][108][109] One source attributes 5 million civilian deaths to Tojo's rule of the military. According to one story, he got a doctor to put a charcoal mark on his chest to indicate the right place to shoot himself in the heart and fired a shot into his body, but somehow the bullet missed his heart and ended up in his stomach. [91] The first day of the Battle of the Philippine Sea, June 19, 1944, was dubbed by the Americans "the Great Marianas Turkey Shoot", as over the course of the dogfights in the air, the US Navy lost 30 planes while shooting down about 350 Imperial Japanese planes, in one of the Imperial Navy's most humiliating defeats. After graduating from the Japanese Military Academy Hideki Tojo was appointed an army captain, the commanding officer of the Third Imperial Guards Regiment. The discrimination against the Jews began shortly after the Nazi Party took power in 1933, and grew in intensity around 1938. After the Meiji Restoration, the caste system was abolished in 1871, but the former caste distinctions in many ways persisted afterwards, ensuring that those from the former samurai caste continued to enjoy their traditional prestige. During the February 26 coup attempt of 1936, Tojo and Shigeru Honjō, a noted supporter of Sadao Araki, both opposed the rebels who were associated with the rival "Imperial Way" faction. [68] Tojo was one voice out of many speaking at the Imperial GHQ, and was not able to impose his will on the Navy, which he had to negotiate with, as if dealing with an ally. [93] As the news of the disastrous defeat suffered at Saipan reached Japan, it turned elite opinion against the Tojo government. What did Hideki Tojo believe in? Tojo was born in Tokyo and decided on a career in the army. Execution by hanging . [70] Tojo went to see the Emperor, who backed the Prime Minister's plans for the Greater East Asia Ministry, and on September 1, 1942 Tojo told the cabinet he was establishing the Greater East Asia Ministry and could not care less about how the Gaimusho felt about the issue, leading Tōgō to resign in protest. Before his execution, he gave his military ribbons to one of his guards; they are on display at the National Naval Aviation Museum in Pensacola, Florida. The head of the Japanese military during World War II, Hideki Tojo, died in 1948. Click to see full answer Also question is, how was Tojo killed? [89] The Japanese were defeated by the Anglo-Indian 14th Army at the Battles of Imphal and Kohima. [32] During this period, Tojo became close to Yōsuke Matsuoka, the fiery ultra-nationalist CEO of the South Manchuria Railway, one of Asia's largest corporations at the time, and Nobusuke Kishi, the Deputy Minister of Industry in Manchukuo, who was the man de facto in charge of Manchukuo's economy. [95] The politically powerful Lord Privy Seal, Marquis Kōichi Kido spread the word that the Emperor no longer supported Tojo. Lt. John Wilpers in September 1945 when he helped prevent former Prime Minister Hideki Tojo of Japan from committing suicide. [84] Tojo's major concern as Army Chief of Staff was planning the operations in China and India, with less time given over to the coming battles in the Marianas. People also ask, what happened to Tojo after the war? The Tokyo trial lasted over two years. Despite the amount of respect given to them by social standards they were actually quite poor. Hideki Tojo was born on December 30th 1884 in Tokyo, Japan. In July 1937, he personally led the units of the 1st Independent Mixed Brigade in Operation Chahar, his only real combat experience. As war was inevitable, Japan's only chance was the element of surprise and to destroy America's navy as quickly as possible. [1], Hideki Tojo was born in the Kōjimachi district of Tokyo on December 30, 1884,[2] as the third son of Hidenori Tojo, a lieutenant general in the Imperial Japanese Army. As the Army Minister, he continued to expand the war with China. [97] Finally Lord Privy Seal Kido resolved the muddle by saying Koiso was the Prime Minister. December 23, 1948 "December 1947: Former Japanese prime minister and minister of war Hideki Tojo (1885 - 1948) takes the stand to testify in his own defense at the war crimes trial in Tokyo. The discrimination against the Jews began shortly after the Nazi Party took power in 1933, and grew in intensity around 1938. Following the 15th Army into India in the U-Go offensive were the Indian nationalist Subhas Chandra Bose and his Indian National Army, as the political purpose of the operation was to provoke a general uprising against British rule in India that might allow the Japanese to take all of India. After the war's tide decisively turned against Japan, Tojo was forced to resign as Prime Minister in July 1944. [70] In November 1942, Tojo, as Army Minister, was involved in drafting the regulations for taking "comfort women" from China, Japan (which included Taiwan and Korea at this time) and Manchukuo to the "South", as the Japanese called their conquests in South-East Asia, to ensure that the "comfort women" had the proper papers before departing. [22], In 1934, Hideki was promoted to major general and served as Chief of the Personnel Department within the Army Ministry. Hideki Tojo Saved the Lives of 20,000 Jewish Refugees Tojo actually saved many Jews from being massacred, but this fact is little known in the world. [8] Those who knew him during his formative years deemed him to be of only average intelligence. In spite of its formal recognition of the Vichy government, the United States retaliated against Japan by imposing economic sanctions in August, including a total embargo on oil and gasoline exports. With his unique appearance of close-cropped hair, mustache, and round eyeglasses he became the caricature by Allied propagandists of Japan's military dictatorship during the Pacific war. The Greater East Asia War was justified and righteous. [47] Following the advice of Kōichi Kido, he chose instead Tojo, who was known for his devotion to the imperial institution. Despite the amount of respect given to them by social standards they were actually quite poor. [15] In the 1920s, the German military favored preparing for the next war by creating a totalitarian Wehrstaat (Defense State), an idea that was taken up by the Japanese military as the "national defense state". His father was one of the first generation of military men since the Imperial Japanese Army had replaced samurai warriors after the Meiji Restoration.. Tojo graduated with honors from the army war college in 1915 and quickly climbed the military ranks. ", the answer that most gave was Hideki Tojo, reflecting a lingering sense of hurt in China about Japan's wartime aggression. [20], By 1928, he was bureau chief of the Japanese Army and was shortly thereafter promoted to colonel. Hideki Tojo has been died on Dec 23, 1948 ( age 63). The die … He died by hanging, just … He died by hanging, just … [39] Tojo was a militant ultra-nationalist, well respected for his work ethic and his ability to handle paperwork, who believed that the Emperor was a living god and favored "direct imperial rule", ensuring that he would faithfully follow any order from the Emperor. In the 1930s , Hideki Tojo fought in the Sion-Japanese war, leading Japanese forces in occupied Manchuria. Hideki Tojo was Prime Minister of Japan when the attack on Pearl Harbor took place plunging the Far East into a war which was to end with the destruction of Hiroshima in August 1945. [32] Though Tojo regarded preparing for a war with the Soviet Union as his first duty, Tojo also supported the forward policy in north China as the Japanese sought to extend their influence into China. [26] Tojo ended his essay stating that Japan must stand tall "and spread its own moral principles to the world" as the "cultural and ideological war of the 'imperial way' is about to begin". [97] Once it was clear that Tojo no longer had the support of the Chrysanthemum Throne, Tojo's enemies had little trouble bringing down his government. Hideki Tojo was Prime Minister of Japan when the attack on Pearl Harbour took place plunging the Far East into a war which was to end with the destruction of Hiroshima in August 1945. Tojo was not a particularly intelligent student – but was a hard worker. On September 11, 1945, after Japan’s formal surrender, Tojo shot himself in a suicide attempt, but he was nursed back to health and on April 29, 1946, with other Japanese wartime leaders, was indicted for war crimes before the International Military Tribunal for the Far East in Tokyo. What cars have the most expensive catalytic converters? [63] By May 1942, Tojo approved a set of "non-negotiable" demands to be presented once the Allies sued for peace that allowed Japan to keep everything it already conquered while assuming possession of considerably more. In the central Pacific, the Americans destroyed the main Japanese naval base at Truk in an air raid on February 18, 1944, forcing the Imperial Navy back to the Marianas (the oil to fuel ships and planes operating in the Marshalls, Caroline and Gilbert islands went up in smoke at Truk). [8] Tojo liked to say: "I am just an ordinary man possessing no shining talents. [60] Tojo continued to hold the position of Army Minister during his term as Prime Minister from October 17, 1941, to July 22, 1944. [51], The Emperor summoned Tojo to the Imperial Palace one day before Tojo took office. How many civilians did the Japanese kill in ww2? According to Trend Celeb Now, Hideki Tojo's estimated Net Worth, Salary, Income, Cars, Lifestyles & much more details has been updated below. ALBANY, N.Y. (AP) — John J. Wilpers Jr., the last surviving member of the U.S. Army intelligence unit that captured former Japanese Prime Minister Hideki Tojo after World War II, has died … Manchukuo will be endangered and our control of Korea undermined. To shade one's words in flattery to the point of untruthfulness would falsify the trial and do incalculable harm to the nation, and great care must be taken to avoid this. In terms of death alone, Adolf Hitler was far worse than Hideki Tojo. Copyright 2020 FindAnyAnswer All rights reserved. [76] On January 9, 1944, Japan signed a treaty with the puppet Wang regime under which Japan gave up its extraterritorial rights in China as part of a bid to win Chinese public opinion over to a pro-Japanese viewpoint, but as the treaty changed nothing in practice, the gambit failed. [61] On April 18, 1942, the Americans staged the Doolittle Raid, bombing Tokyo. His ashes are divided between Yasukuni Shrine and Zōshigaya Cemetery in Toshima ward, Tokyo. Asked By: Sherice Kronwinkler | Last Updated: 6th January, 2020, 904, 50a U.S.C. Mr. Wilpers attended public school in … [5] Tojo's father was a samurai turned Army officer and his mother was the daughter of a Buddhist priest, making his family very respectable, but poor.[4]. After graduating from the Japanese Military Academy Hideki Tojo was appointed an army captain, the commanding officer of the Third Imperial Guards Regiment. [23] Tojo wrote a chapter in the book Hijōji kokumin zenshū (Essays in time of national emergency), a book published in March 1934 by the Army Ministry calling for Japan to become a totalitarian "national defense state". [68] The American historian Stanley Falk described the Japanese system as characterized by "bitter inter-service antagonisms" as the Army and Navy worked "at cross-purposes", observing the Japanese system of command was "uncoordinated, ill-defined and inefficient". [41] On September 6, a deadline of early October was fixed in the Imperial Conference for resolving the situation diplomatically. Very few Japanese at the time had understood that the war with Russia had pushed their nation to the verge of bankruptcy, and most people in Japan believed that the American president Theodore Roosevelt who had mediated the Treaty of Portsmouth had cheated Japan out of its rightful gains. In the early years of the war, Tojo had popular support as Japanese forces moved from one victory to another. [56] The eventual plan drawn up by Army and Navy Chiefs of Staff envisaged such a mauling of the Western powers that Japanese defense perimeter lines—operating on interior lines of communications and inflicting heavy Western casualties—could not be breached. But we have clumsily telegraphed our intentions. Summary Hideki Tojo (born as Hideki Tōjō in Hamachi district of Tokyo, Empire of Japan, died in Tokyo, occupied Japan) was a famous Soldier from Japan, who lived between December 30, 1884 and December 23, 1948. On November 12, 1948, a war crimes tribunal in Japan sentenced former premier Hideki Tojo, pictured in 1941, and six other World War II Japanese leaders to death by hanging. [86], On March 12, 1944, the Japanese launched the U-Go offensive and invaded India. [57] On November 27, 1941, Tojo chose to misrepresent the "Hull note" to the Cabinet as an "ultimatum to Japan", which was incorrect as the "Hull note" did not have a timeline for its acceptance and was marked "tentative" in the opening sentence, which is inconsistent with an ultimatum. Similarly, when did Tojo die? Yuko Tojo (東條 由布子, Tōjō Yūko, May 20, 1939 – February 13, 2013) was a Japanese ultra-nationalist politician, Imperial Japanese apologist, and brief political hopeful. Upon being named Prime Minister in October 1941, he oversaw the Japanese Empire's decision to go to war and its ensuing conquest of much of Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands. Tojo then replied to Ishii: "If the Emperor said it should be so, then that's it for me. Mr. Wilpers attended public school in Albany, a … Tōjō shot himself in a failed suicide attempt after Japan surrendered on September 11, 1945, but the Allies treated his wounds so he could stand trial for war crimes. If we yield to America's demands, it will destroy the fruits of the China incident. [40] Konoe wanted to make Japan the dominant power in East Asia, but he also believed it was possible to negotiate a modus vivendi with the United States under which the Americans would agree to recognize the "Greater East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere".[40]. [81][82] The Japanese brought along with them enough food to last for only 20 days; after that, they would have to capture food from the British to avoid starving. His father, Hidenori Tojo, was a lieutenant general in the Imperial Japanese Army. 1 of 2 In this Sept. 11, 1945, file photo made in Tokyo, Gen. Hideki Tojo lies semiconscious in a chair with a gaping bullet wound just below the heart after a suicide attempt. About 4400 people were convicted, and about 1000 of them were subsequently executed. The head of the Japanese military during World War II, Hideki Tojo, died in 1948. [54][55] The next day, Fleet Admiral Osami Nagano explained in detail the Pearl Harbor attack plan to Hirohito. Why did the Japanese attack Pearl Harbor? Hideki born under the Capricorn horoscope as Hideki's birth date is December 30. ALBANY -- John J. Wilpers Jr., the last surviving member of the U.S. Army intelligence unit that captured former Japanese Prime Minister Hideki Tojo after World War II, has died at 93.Wilpers died Thu Tojo sacked the Operations office and his deputy at the general staff, who were opposed to withdrawing, and ordered the abandonment of the island. [3] Under the bakufu, Japanese society was divided rigidly into four castes; the merchants, artisans, peasants and the samurai. Tojo was convicted and executed" ( source) In his memoir One Last Look Around (1947, pp. Similarly, when did Tojo die? [29] Emperor Hirohito himself was outraged at the attacks on his close advisers, and after a brief political crisis and stalling on the part of a sympathetic military, the rebels were forced to surrender. Tojo was tried by the International Military Tribunal for the Far East for war crimes and found guilty of, among other actions,[102] waging wars of aggression; war in violation of international law; unprovoked or aggressive war against various nations; and ordering, authorizing, and permitting inhumane treatment of prisoners of war. Hideki Tojo is an evil Japanese prime minister who led the Imperial Japanese Army in WWII and was a member of The Axis Powers, along with Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini.He appeared as a duck in the Looney Tunes cartoon, "The Ducktators".. For his part in leading Japan into World War Two, Tojo was executed as a war criminal. Why Attack Pearl Harbor? [75] In an attempt to enlist support from all of Asia, especially China, Tojo opened the Greater East Asia Conference in November 1943, which issued a set of Pan-Asian war aims, which made little impression on most Asians. [36], On June 1, 1940, Emperor Hirohito appointed Kōichi Kido, a leading "reform bureaucrat" as the Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal, making him into the Emperor's leading political advisor and fixer. [10] Tojo's anger at the Treaty of Portsmouth left him with an abiding dislike of Americans. [113], Historians Herbert P. Bix and John W. Dower criticize the work done by General MacArthur and his staff to exonerate Emperor Hirohito and all members of the imperial family from criminal prosecutions. [19] Tojo often visited the homes of the men under his command, assisted his men with personal problems and made loans to officers short of money. "[50] Tojo's first speech on the radio made a call for "world peace", but also stated his determination to settle the "China Affair" on Japanese terms and to achieve the "Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere" that would unite all of the Asian nations together. [93] The establishment of American bases in the Marianas meant the cities of Japan were within the range of B-29 Superfortress bombers and the British historian H. P. Willmott noted that "even the most hard-headed of the Japanese militarists could dimly perceive that Japan would be at the end of her tether in that case". [38] On July 30, 1940, Hideki Tojo was appointed Army Minister in the second Fumimaro Konoe regime and remained in that post in the third Konoe cabinet. [7] Japanese girls were taught that the highest honor for a woman was to have as many sons as possible who could die for the Emperor in war. This time, if hostilities erupt, I have to issue a declaration of war. Does Hermione die in Harry Potter and the cursed child? Hideki Tojo was “perfectly relieved” and “tipsy,” convinced Japan would win any conflict with the United States after having finished all the administrative procedures to wage war against American and British forces in … [28] Both the Tōseiha and the Kōdōha factions were militaristic groups that favored a policy of expansionism abroad and dictatorship under the Emperor at home, but differed over the best way of achieving these goals. most of Latin America including Ecuador, Colombia, Panama, El Salvador, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti and the rest of the West Indies. [97] Two days after Tojo resigned, the Emperor gave him an imperial rescript offering him unusually lavish praise for his "meritorious services and hard work" and declaring "Hereafter we expect you to live up to our trust and make even greater contributions to military affairs".[95]. While there, he received a new set of dentures, made by an American dentist, into which the phrase "Remember Pearl Harbor" had been secretly drilled in Morse code. [79] Cutting off American aid to China in turn might have had the effect of forcing Chiang Kai-shek to sue for peace. [98] As American soldiers surrounded Tojo's house on September 11, he shot himself in the chest with a pistol, but missed his heart. He was subsequently tried and executed for war crimes. [9] The Treaty of Portsmouth was so unpopular that it set off anti-American riots known as the Hibiya incendiary incident as many Japanese were enraged at the way the Americans had apparently cheated Japan as the Japanese gains in the treaty were far less than what public opinion had expected. [92] With Saipan in American hands, the Americans could take other islands in the Marianas to build airbases. Hideki Tojo was born in Tokyo, Japan, on December 30th, 1884, to Lt. General Hidenori Tojo of the Japanese Imperial Army. [14] As the Imperial Japanese Army had been trained by a German military mission in the 19th century, the Japanese Army was always very strongly influenced by intellectual developments in the German Army, and Tojo was no exception. In August–September 1942, a major crisis gripped the Tojo cabinet when the Foreign Minister Shigenori Tōgō objected quite violently on August 29, 1942 to the Prime Minister's plan to establish a Greater East Asia Ministry to handle relations with the puppet regimes in Asia as an insult to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (the Gaimusho) and threatened to resign in protest. [78], In the Battle of Saipan, about 70,000 Japanese soldiers, sailors, and civilians were killed in June–July 1944 and in the Battle of the Philippine Sea the Imperial Navy suffered a crushing defeat. Hirohito rejected this option, arguing that a member of the imperial family should not have to eventually carry the responsibility for a war against the West as a defeat would ruin the prestige of the House of Yamato. As a child, Hideki Tojo received an education that focused heavily on military training. Tojo was sentenced to death on November 12, 1948, and executed by hanging 41 days later on December 23, 1948, a week before his 64th birthday. It was from this first position that Tojo's quickly rising military career began. Tojo, in particular, should be made to bear all responsibility at this trial. I wished to commit suicide but sometimes that fails. 93-113), war correspondent Clark Lee tells the story of former Japanese Prime Minister Hideki Tojo's suicide … [8] In 1899, Tojo enrolled in the Army Cadet School. [19], In 1924, Tojo was greatly offended by the Immigration Control Act passed by the American Congress banning all Asian immigration into the United States with many Congressmen and Senators openly saying the act was necessary because the Asians worked harder than whites. During his tenure, he presided over numerous war crimes including the massacre and starvation of civilians and prisoners of war. [11][12], Upon graduating from the Japanese Military Academy (ranked 10th of 363 cadets)[citation needed] in March 1905, he was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the infantry of the IJA. As a child, Hideki Tojo received an education that focused heavily on military training. [18] Tojo wrote with bitterness at the time that American whites would never accept Asians as equals and "It [the Immigration Control Act] shows how the strong will always put their own interests first. For his part in leading Japan into World War Two, Tojo was executed as a war criminal. [78] In January 1944, Tojo approved of orders issued by Imperial General Headquarters for an invasion of India, where the Burma Area Army in Burma under General Masakazu Kawabe was to seize the Manipour and Assam provinces with the aim of cutting off American aid to China (the railroad that supplied the American air bases in north-east India that allowed for supplies to be flown over "the Hump" of the Himalayas to China passed through these provinces). Why did hideki tojo die? Hideki Tojo was born into a family of respect and prestige due to his father being an army officer from the former Samurai caste and his mother being the daughter of a Buddhist priest. Some political structures in the early 1940s in Japan weren’t so eager in entering a war against the United States and negotiations were desperately held between the two parties, with no chance of finding a common language. [73] In November 1943, the American public's reaction to the Battle of Tarawa led Tojo to view Tarawa as a sort of Japanese victory, believing that more battles like Tarawa would break American morale, and force the U.S. to sue for peace. [83] Bose had impressed Tojo at their meetings as the best man to inspire an anti-British revolution in India.[80]. [52] Despite vocally on the side of war, Tojo nevertheless accepted this order, and pledged to obey. [34] Tojo was recalled to Japan in May 1938 to serve as Vice-Minister of War under Army Minister Seishirō Itagaki. Until then the War Ministry required special permission to take "comfort women" without papers, and Tojo was tired of dealing with these requests. [74] Moreover, Tojo believed that the Americans would become bogged down in the Marshalls, giving more time to strengthen the defenses in the Marianas. During his command of the samurai caste, and Fascist Italy lack of intellect with a to. 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